The decoration of the Pauline Chapel: with reference to the works of Giovanni Baglione

The decoration of the Pauline Chapel: with reference to the works of Giovanni Baglione examines the carefully considered role Catholic art played in the doctrinal battle during the later Counter Reformation period of the early seventeenth century. The frame for this discussion is the frescoes Giovanni Baglione contributed to the Pauline Chapel in the Basilica of S. Maria Maggiore in Rome built by Pope Paul V (1605-1621). Baglione’s frescoes are discussed to challenge the previous labels associated with his artistic style in order to demonstrate how the art of the chapel can be seen as both a symptom of contemporary events, and as the personal chapel can be seen as both a symptom of contemporary events, and as the personal reaction or individual interpretation of those events by one man; the chapel’s creator Paul V. The concepts of art as a symptom and as a reaction are explored by combining a discussion about Baglione’s artistic style, with a discussion about the chapel’s iconography and pictorial programme, in order to reveal how the chapel reflects Pope Paul V’s personal reaction to the theological differences between the Catholic Church and the Protestant reformers at this time

Benz(a)anthracene in benthic marine environments : bioavailability, metabolism, and physiological effects on the polychaete Neries virens

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution February 1985The fate of [14C- 121 benz(a)anthracene (BA) was followed in benthic microcosm experiments in the presence and absence of the polychaete Nereis virens. In concert with chemical analysis of BA and its metabolites in all components of the system, physiological and biochemical effects of exposure on Nereis were investigated. BA was introduced in three ways: already sorbed to the entire sediment reservoir; directly into the water column; or incorporated into a gelatin-based diet. Experiments ran from 4 to 25 days. Activity of BA and BA metabolic products was followed in sediments, worm tissue, and in the water column. 14CO2 activity in the water column was also measured. Growth, oxygen consumption, ammonia excretion, adenylate nucleotide pools, and mixed function oxygenase activity of the worms were also monitored. The presence of worms and the mode of introduction had significant effects on the fate of BA in this system. In experiments with sediments uniformly labeled with BA, worms increased flux of BA from the sediment, and after nine days, their presence lead to increased rates of microbial mineralization of BA to CO2. In experiments where BA was added directly to the water column, worms mixed BA into the sediment, but had no net effect on removal of BA in the sediment to the water column. BA added to the water column and deposited at the sediment-water interface was more available for uptake by worms, microbial mineralization to CO2, and removal to the water column than BA sorbed to bulk sediments. Regardless of mode of introduction, worms were able to accumulate BA. However, bioavailability of BA previously sorbed to sediments was less than BA added to the water column and allowed to settle at the sediment-water interface. Of the three modes of introduction studied, BA ingested in a geletin-based diet was most available for accumulation by Nereis. Length of exposure and mode of introduction had significant effects on accumulation and metabolism of BA by Nereis. Of total activity accumulated, the proportion remaining as parent compound decreased with time, and was inversely correlated with relative efficiency for accumulation. The relative amounts of different metabolic products were also affected by time and mode of exposure. In all experiments, most activity recovered from worms was present as metabolic products with only 2 to 23% remaining as parent compound. A significant portion (from 33 to 51%) of total activity was not extractable, indicating incorportation into macromolecular components. Physiological and biochemical effects of BA exposure on Nereis were minimal. Subtle alterations in adenylate nucleotide pools were observed after 6 days in experiments with either sediment-sorbed BA or BA added directly to the water column. After 25 days of exposure to sediment-sorbed BA, worms showed increased rates of oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion. No significant changes in growth or activity of the mixed function oxygenase system were observed. These experiments demonstrated: (1) that the presence of a large burrowing polychaete can have significant effects on the fate of PAH in the benthos; (2) that source can have significant effects on both fate and metabolism of PAH in the benthos; (3) that Nereis virens is capable of accumulating and metabolizing BA from the sediment, water column, or ingested food; and (4) that incorporation into cellular macromolecules is a major fate of accumulated BA.This research was supported by the DOE/BLM contract DE-AC02- 77EV04256 A007 and interagency agreement AA550-IA7-20 to J.W. Farrington and J.M. Tea 1; NOAA contract 83-ABD-00012 to J.M. Tea 1; OIP support to J.M. Teal and the~author; and support to the author from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation through the CRL; the NWF/API Environmental Conservation Fe 110wship Program, Sigma Xi, and the WHOI/MIT Joint Program in Oceanography

IFU observations of luminous type II AGN - I. Evidence for ubiquitous winds

We present observations of 17 luminous (log(L[O III]/L_Sun) > 8.7) local (z < 0.11) type II AGN. Our aim is to investigate the prevalence and nature of AGN driven outflows in these galaxies by combining kinematic and ionization diagnostic information. We use non-parametric methods (e.g. W80, the width containing 80% of the line flux) to assess the line widths in the central regions of our targets. The maximum values of W80 in each galaxy are in the range 400 - 1600 km/s, with a mean of 790 +- 90 km/s. Such high velocities are strongly suggestive that these AGN are driving ionized outflows. Multi-Gaussian fitting is used to decompose the velocity structure in our galaxies. 14/17 of our targets require 3 separate kinematic components in the ionized gas in their central regions. The broadest components of these fits have FWHM = 530 - 2520 km/s, with a mean value of 920 +- 50 km/s. By simultaneously fitting both the H{\beta}/[O III] and H{\alpha}/[N II] complexes we construct ionization diagnostic diagrams for each component. 13/17 of our galaxies show a significant (> 95 %) correlation between the [N II]/H{\alpha} ratio and the velocity dispersion of the gas. Such a correlation is the natural consequence of a contribution to the ionization from shock excitation and we argue that this demonstrates that the outflows from these AGN are directly impacting the surrounding ISM within the galaxies.Comment: 37 pages, 30 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA

Mothers in Law: Towards Equality within the Profession for Lawyer Mothers

Mothers who work in the legal profession face a wide range of obstacles to their success. This article reports on a qualitative study of lawyer-mothers in Ottawa, Ontario, that problematizes and calls into question the widely held assumption that the law profession is on a path of progress towards better accommodation for the needs of mothers, thereby troubling assumptions that gender equality in the legal profession is generally improving

IFU observations of luminous type II AGN - I. Evidence for ubiquitous winds

We present observations of 17 luminous (log(L[O III]/L) > 8.7) local (z < 0.11) type II AGN. Our aim is to investigate the prevalence and nature of AGN-driven outflows in these galaxies by combining kinematic and ionization diagnostic information. We use non-parametric methods (e.g. W80, the width containing 80 per cent of the line flux) to assess the line widths in the central regions of our targets. The maximum values of W80 in each galaxy are in the range 400–1600 km s−1, with a mean of 790 ± 90 km s−1. Such high velocities are strongly suggestive that these AGN are driving ionized outflows. Multi-Gaussian fitting is used to decompose the velocity structure in our galaxies. 14/17 of our targets require three separate kinematic components in the ionized gas in their central regions. The broadest components of these fits have FWHM = 530–2520 km s−1, with a mean value of 920 ± 50 km s−1. By simultaneously fitting both the Hβ/[O III] and Hα/[N II] complexes, we construct ionization diagnostic diagrams for each component. 13/17 of our galaxies show a significant (>95 per cent) correlation between the [N II]/Hα ratio and the velocity dispersion of the gas. Such a correlation is the natural consequence of a contribution to the ionization from shock excitation and we argue that this demonstrates that the outflows from these AGN are directly impacting the surrounding ISM within the galaxies. Key words: galaxies: active – galaxies: evolution – galaxies: kinematics and dynamic

Fate of methoprene in temperate salt marsh ditches following aerial applications

Aerial applications of liquid methoprene are used in salt marshes to control mosquitoes by preventing adult emergence. Despite concern about toxicity to non-target organisms, little is known about environmental concentrations after applications, nor methoprene\u27s persistence in salt marsh environments. Aqueous and sediment samples were collected from two marshes receiving weekly applications. Aqueous samples were collected as early as 30 minutes after applications and as long as nine days afterwards; sediment samples were taken within hours of application and as long as 19 days post-application. Use of time-of-flight liquid chromatography – mass spectral analysis allowed for ultra low detection limits (0.5 ng/L) in water samples. The data show loss of nearly all methoprene from 1 m deep marsh ditches within 1 day and presence but not accumulation of methoprene in marsh sediments despite repeated applications. Methoprene concentrations observed in salt-marsh mosquito ditches were below those found to be of toxicological significance in other studies

Estimating Wildfire-Generated Ozone over North America Using Ozonesonde Profiles and a Differential Back Trajectory Technique

An objective method, employing HYSPLIT back-trajectories and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) fire observations, is developed to estimate ozone enhancement in air transported from regions of active forest fires at 18 ozone sounding sites located across North America. The Differential Back Trajectory (DBT) method compares mean differences between ozone concentrations associated with fire-affected and fire-unaffected parcels. It is applied to more than 1100 ozonesonde profiles collected from these sites during the summer months June to August 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2011. Layers of high ozone associated with low humidity were first removed from the ozonesonde profiles to minimize the potential effects of stratospheric intrusions on the calculations. No significant influence on average ozone levels by North American fires was found for stations located at Arctic latitudes. The ozone enhancement for stations nearer large fires, such as Trinidad Head and Bratt\u27s Lake, was up to 4.8% of the TTOC (Total Tropospheric Ozone Column). Fire ozone accounted for up to 8.3% of TTOC at downwind sites such as Yarmouth, Sable Island, Narragansett, and Walsingham. The results are consistent with other studies that have reported an increase in ozone production with the age of the smoke plume

Evaluation of the impact and implementation of a national clinical programme for the management of self-harm in hospital emergency departments: study protocol for a natural experiment

Background A National Clinical Programme for the Management of Hospital-Presenting Self-Harm (NCP-SH) was introduced in Ireland in 2014. This involved the development of a model of care to standardise the management of self-harm in emergency departments, to be delivered by dedicated clinical nurse specialists. The core components of the programme were to: ensure an empathic and timely response, conduct a biopsychosocial assessment, involve family members in assessment and discharge planning, and provide a bridge to next care. The overall aim of the programme was to reduce the rate of repeat self-harm. This multistage study will evaluate the impact of the NCP-SH on hospital-presenting self-harm and to identify determinants influencing its implementation. Methods Employing a sequential mixed methods design, the first stage will use data from the National Self-Harm Registry Ireland to examine the impact of the NCP-SH on self-harm repetition, along with other aspects of care, including provision of psychosocial assessments and changes in admissions and postdischarge referrals. A cost-effectiveness analysis will assess the cost per repeat self-harm attendance avoided as a result of the NCP-SH. The second stage will identify the influences of implementation fidelity—adherence to the programme’s core components—using a combination of document analysis and semistructured interviews with staff of the programme, guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Ethics and dissemination This study has received full ethical approval and will run until August 2023. This study is novel in that it will identify important factors influencing successful implementation of complex programmes. It is expected that the findings will provide important learnings for the integration of mental health services in general hospital settings and will be disseminated via peer-review publications along with reports for clinicians and policy-makers