27,640 research outputs found
Mean field convergence of a model of multiple TCP connections through a buffer implementing RED
RED (Random Early Detection) has been suggested when multiple TCP sessions
are multiplexed through a bottleneck buffer. The idea is to detect congestion
before the buffer overflows by dropping or marking packets with a probability
that increases with the queue length. The objectives are reduced packet loss,
higher throughput, reduced delay and reduced delay variation achieved through
an equitable distribution of packet loss and reduced synchronization. Baccelli,
McDonald and Reynier [Performance Evaluation 11 (2002) 77--97] have proposed a
fluid model for multiple TCP connections in the congestion avoidance regime
multiplexed through a bottleneck buffer implementing RED. The window sizes of
each TCP session evolve like independent dynamical systems coupled by the queue
length at the buffer. The key idea in [Performance Evaluation 11 (2002) 77--97]
is to consider the histogram of window sizes as a random measure coupled with
the queue. Here we prove the conjecture made in [Performance Evaluation 11
(2002) 77--97] that, as the number of connections tends to infinity, this
system converges to a deterministic mean-field limit comprising the window size
density coupled with a deterministic queue.Comment: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/105051605000000700 in the
Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute
of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Large deviations of a modified Jackson network: stability and rough asymptotics
Consider a modified, stable, two node Jackson network where server 2 helps
server 1 when server 2 is idle. The probability of a large deviation of the
number of customers at node one can be calculated using the flat boundary
theory of Schwartz and Weiss [Large Deviations Performance Analysis (1994),
Chapman and Hall, New York]. Surprisingly, however, these calculations show
that the proportion of time spent on the boundary, where server 2 is idle, may
be zero. This is in sharp contrast to the unmodified Jackson network which
spends a nonzero proportion of time on this boundary.Comment: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/105051604000000666 in the
Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute
of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Evaluation of the onset time and intubation conditions of rocuronium bromide in children
Publisher's copy made available with the permission of the publisher © 1997 Australian Society of AnaesthetistsWe have assessed, in children aged three to eight years, the intubating conditions after administration of rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg at 50 or 60 seconds, in groups of 15 patients. Intubating conditions were excellent in 11, good in 3 and fair in 1 patient at 50 seconds and excellent in 12 and good in 3 patients at 60 seconds. The mean onset time, for all patients, to when the first twitch of the train of four (T1), measured at the adductor pollicis, was depressed to less than 30% and 5% of control was 50 (SD 11.4) seconds and 94 (SD 31.7) seconds respectively. Depression of T1 to less than 30% of control, measured at the adductor pollicis in children, appears to indicate that intubating conditions will be clinically acceptable when using rocuronium.P.F. McDonald, D.A. Sainsbury, R.J. Lain
Thermodynamic constraints on the amplitude of quantum oscillations
Magneto-quantum oscillation experiments in high temperature superconductors
show a strong thermally-induced suppression of the oscillation amplitude
approaching critical dopings---in support of a quantum critical origin of their
phase diagrams. We suggest that, in addition to a thermodynamic mass
enhancement, these experiments may directly indicate the increasing role of
quantum fluctuations that suppress the oscillation amplitude through inelastic
scattering. We show that the traditional theoretical approaches beyond
Lifshitz-Kosevich to calculate the oscillation amplitude in correlated metals
result in a contradiction with the third law of thermodynamics and suggest a
way to rectify this problem.Comment: PRB Rapid commun. (2017
Evolutionary associations between sand seatrout (Cynoscion arenarius) and silver seatrout (C. nothus) inferred from morphological characters, mitochondrial DNA, and microsatellite markers
The evolutionary associations between closely related fish
species, both contemporary and historical, are frequently assessed by using molecular markers, such as microsatellites. Here, the presence and variability of microsatellite loci in two closely related species of marine
fishes, sand seatrout (Cynoscion arenarius) and silver seatrout (C. nothus), are explored by using heterologous
primers from red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Data from these loci are used in conjunction with morphological
characters and mitochondrial DNA haplotypes to explore the extent of genetic exchange between species offshore of Galveston Bay, TX. Despite seasonal overlap in distribution, low genetic divergence at microsatellite loci, and similar life history parameters of C. arenarius and C. nothus, all three data sets indicated that hybridization between these species does not occur or occurs only rarely and that historical admixture in Galveston Bay after divergence between these species was unlikely. These results shed light upon the evolutionary history of these fishes and highlight the genetic properties of each species that are influenced by their life history and ecology
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