Judges and Advocates of Kentucky

This article was originally published in the American Law Review, vol. 4, no. 6

Low x saturation at HERA ?

We compare the predictions of two distinct dipole models for inclusive and exclusive diffractive processes. While only one of these dipole models contains perturbative saturation dynamics, we show that the predictions of both models are fully consistent with the available HERA data, indicating no compelling evidence for saturation at present HERA energies.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, presented at the 26th Montreal-Rochester-Syracuse-Toronto (MRST) conference held at Concordia University, Montreal, Canada, 12th-14th May 2004. To appear in the proceeding

Comparison of Dominant Prairie Grasses as Interplanting Ground Covers on Eroded Soil

Experiments were initiated in 1938 for the purpose of studying vegetative ground covers. This series of investigations was undertaken as the basis for studies in the integration of herbaceous and woody plants which constitute an important phase of the research in progress at the Floris Field Station of the Iowa Cooperative Hillculture Project. The herbaceous plants used at the station in these studies of integration with woody plants may be classified in three groups: natural weed covers, legumes and grasses

Learning physics in context: a study of student learning about electricity and magnetism

This paper re-centres the discussion of student learning in physics to focus on context. In order to do so, a theoretically-motivated understanding of context is developed. Given a well-defined notion of context, data from a novel university class in electricity and magnetism are analyzed to demonstrate the central and inextricable role of context in student learning. This work sits within a broader effort to create and analyze environments which support student learning in the sciencesComment: 36 pages, 4 Figure

Book Reviews

HOW ARBITRATION WORKS (3rd Edition). By Frank Elkouri and Edna Asper Elkouri. Washington: Bureau of National Affairs, 1973. Pp. 797. $17.50. DEVIANCE-IN SOVIET SOCIETY-CRIME, DELINQUENCY AND ALCOHOLISM. By Walter D. Connor. New York: Columbia University Press. 1972. Pp. 327.$12.50. LEGAL RIGHTS OF CHILDREN: STATUS, PROGRESS AND PROPOSALS. A Symposium of the Columbia Human Rights Law Review. Fairlawn: R. E. Burdick, Inc., 1973. Pp. 212. $9.00

Equilibrium orbit analysis in a free-electron laser with a coaxial wiggler

An analysis of single-electron orbits in combined coaxial wiggler and axial guide magnetic fields is presented. Solutions of the equations of motion are developed in a form convenient for computing orbital velocity components and trajectories in the radially dependent wiggler. Simple analytical solutions are obtained in the radially-uniform-wiggler approximation and a formula for the derivative of the axial velocity $v_{\|}$ with respect to Lorentz factor $\gamma$ is derived. Results of numerical computations are presented and the characteristics of the equilibrium orbits are discussed. The third spatial harmonic of the coaxial wiggler field gives rise to group $III$ orbits which are characterized by a strong negative mass regime.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures, to appear in phys. rev.

Broaching Badges for Learning

Learning related to Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) is often delivered on demand using a variety of short, non-accredited methods, for example workshops, videos, online courses, self study. This is a pragmatic approach given that the rapid pace of change in TEL means that it is almost impossible for qualifications to stay relevant in terms of content, level or delivery method (House of Lords Digital Skills Committee (2014)). However each piece of learning stands independently and it can be difficult to later remember, let alone demonstrate meaningfully for PDR, CPD or to prospective employers. A potential solution that is gaining traction as a means of evidencing non-accredited learning is the use of Badges. These can be attached to a piece of learning and are aimed at transcending a single learning context to become transferable, lifelong assets. The Open University has identified badging as a key trend in accrediting informal learning. Collecting groups of badges have the potential to lead to coherent ‘qualifications’. Using badges, however presents issues about quality and portability though initiatives such as Mozilla’s Open Badge scheme are beginning to address these challenges through the embedding metadata into badges that gives information about content, level, issuing authority etc.. The aim of this project was to investigate the use of Digital Badges for staff development related to TEL.TFA

Student understanding of rotational and rolling motion concepts

We investigated the common difficulties that students have with concepts related to rotational and rolling motion covered in the introductory physics courses. We compared the performance of calculus- and algebra-based introductory physics students with physics juniors who had learned rotational and rolling motion concepts in an intermediate level mechanics course. Interviews were conducted with six physics juniors and ten introductory students using demonstration-based tasks. We also administered free-response and multiple-choice questions to a large number of students enrolled in introductory physics courses, and interviewed six additional introductory students on the test questions (during the test design phase). All students showed similar difficulties regardless of their background, and higher mathematical sophistication did not seem to help acquire a deeper understanding. We found that some difficulties were due to related difficulties with linear motion, while others were tied specifically to the more intricate nature of rotational and rolling motion.Comment: 23 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables; it includes a multiple-choice test (in Appendix B

Effects of Age and Gender on Physical Performance

Our purpose was to examine the effects of age and gender on physical performance. We assessed a one-hour swimming performance and participation of 4,271 presumably healthy men and women, aged 19–91 years, from the 2001–2003 United States Masters Swimming long-distance (1 h) national competition. The decline in performance with increasing age was found to be quadratic rather than linear. The equation which best fit variation in 1 h swimming distance in meters (m) according to variations in age in years (y) in men was: distance (m) = 4058 + 2.18 age−0.29 age (http://www.acsmmsse.org/pt/re/msse/positionstandards.htm;jsessionid=DiRVACC7YS3mq27s5kV3vwpEVSokmmD1ZJLC7pdnol3KcfoSu0t!1096311956!-949856145!9001!-1), with the same equation for women except that 380 m needed to be subtracted from the calculated value at all ages (about a 10% difference). There was a large overlap in performance between men and women. The overall mean decline in performance with age was about 50% and was parallel in men and women. The mean difference in distance for a 1-year increment in age was −9.7 m at 21 y of age, −21.3 m at 40 y, and −44.5 m at 80 y. Far greater declines of about 96% in numbers participating with advanced age (80 y and over, 4% of peak numbers) were observed than in the 40–49 y age group. In conclusion, the declines in performance were parallel in men and women at all ages, and the 1-year age-related declines in performance were about twice as great at 40 y and more than four-times as great at 80 y than at 20 y of age, with even greater age-related declines in participation being noted for both men and women