The powerless or the empowered?:Stakeholders' experiences of diagnosis and treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in Ireland

IntroductionIn Ireland, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly diagnosed condition in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS). However, little is known about the experiences of stakeholders affected by ADHD in their pathways through care, especially in Ireland.ObjectivesThe aim of this stakeholder voice study was to explore stress and coping among parents and Children and Young People (C/YP) affected by ADHD in an Irish context, in order to contribute to knowledge about what works and what needs to change in practice from a service user perspective.MethodsIn total, 15 C/YP (7–18 years) with ADHD and their parents participated in semi-structured interviews, which were triangulated using other sources (e.g. visual methods), to contribute to a highly contextualised understanding of lived experiences. Transcribed interviews were analysed using a deductive approach to Thematic Analysis informed by a theoretical framework of stress and coping theory and Bronfenbrenner’s bio-ecological model.ResultsSome degree of difficulty in their pathway through care was identified by participants in all case studies. Findings identified barriers to diagnosis, including delays in diagnosis, such as scepticism, stigma, and label avoidance from gatekeepers; poor multiagency working; and misdiagnosis. Once received, diagnosis may serve as an access to empowerment, providing knowledge, understanding, and support. However, C/YP and their parents also reported distressing experiences and a sense of powerlessness within CAMHS and with treatment; such as tensions around medical management, stigma, and a lack of child- and family-centred practice.ConclusionsDespite the professionals and the systematic supports available, stakeholders did not feel that they were fully understood, listened to, or participants in accessing diagnosis and care planning.</jats:sec

Temporal stability of the Francis Scale of Attitude toward Christianity Short-Form: Test-Retest Data over one week

This study evaluated the test-retest reliability of the Francis Scale of Attitude toward Christianity short-form. Thirty-nine Northern Irish undergraduate university students completed the measure on two occasions separated by one week. Stability across the two administrations was high, r = .92, and there was no significant change between Time 1 (M = 25.2, SD = 5.4) and Time 2 (M = 25.7, SD = 6.2). These data support the short-term test-retest reliability of the Francis Scale of Attitude toward Christianity short-form

Internal consistency, reliability, and temporal stability of the oxford happiness questionnaire short-form: test-retest data over two weeks

The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire short-form (Hills &amp; Argyle, 2002) is an 8-item measure of happiness. This study evaluated the internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire short-form among 55 Northern Irish undergraduate university students who completed the measure on two occasions separated by two weeks. Internal consistency of the measure was satisfactory at both Time 1 (alpha = .62) and Time 2 (alpha = .58). Stability across the two administrations was satisfactory (r = .69), and there was no significant change between Time 1 (M = 34.5, SD = 5.4) and Time 2 (M = 34.6, SD = 5.2). These data support the internal consistency reliability and short-term test-retest reliability of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire short-form

Internal consistency, reliability, and temporal stability of the oxford happiness questionnaire short-form: test-retest data over two weeks

The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire short-form (Hills &amp; Argyle, 2002) is an 8-item measure of happiness. This study evaluated the internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire short-form among 55 Northern Irish undergraduate university students who completed the measure on two occasions separated by two weeks. Internal consistency of the measure was satisfactory at both Time 1 (alpha = .62) and Time 2 (alpha = .58). Stability across the two administrations was satisfactory (r = .69), and there was no significant change between Time 1 (M = 34.5, SD = 5.4) and Time 2 (M = 34.6, SD = 5.2). These data support the internal consistency reliability and short-term test-retest reliability of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire short-form

The Encyclopedia of Child and Adolescent Development (Community in Childhood: Aggression and Bullying).

Cyberbullying is similar to, but distinct from, traditional bully?victim problems. In this continuously evolving area of interpersonal communication for children and young people, it is important to explore three important and interrelated issues. First, the developing nature of knowledge in the area and continuous technological developments require careful attention to how the subject is defined. Second, successful prevention and intervention approaches need to be evidence informed and to be developed within robust methodological frameworks. Third, further research regarding coping is required?from national and international responses to responses from technological providers, to responses at the school, family, and personal level. Research and applied practice in the area is maturing. It is time for those involved in the area to summarize known successes to date, and to refocus on the issues that will lead to a safer environment for children and young people so that they can enjoy the undoubted benefits of information and communication technologies

Electrochemically produced graphene with ultra large particles enhances mechanical properties of Portland cement mortar

The effects of the dosages (0.01%, 0.03%, 0.05%, 0.07%, 0.1%, and 0.3% by weight of cement binder) of an ultra-large size (56 ± 12 µm) of pristine graphene (PRG) industrialy manufactured by electrochemical process on compressive and tensile strengths of cement mortars are presented. To have a better understanding of the reinforcement mechanism of PRG-cementitious gels, the physicochemical and microstructure analyses were performed. The results show that the addition of PRG to cement mortars improves their mechanical properties, with characteristic concentration dependence. The mortar mix with 0.07% PRG is identified as the optimal concentration, which provides 34.3% and 26.9% improvement in compressive and tensile strength at 28 days, respectively. This enhancement is attributed to the improvement of the hydration degree of cement paste, resulting in more Calcium Silicate Hydrate gel production. This also comes from the reinforcement of the adhesion bond that was created from friction forces between PRG sheets and cement gels, resulting in strengthening cement matrix composites and impeding crack propagations in the structure. However, with the further increases in PRG contents (i.e. 0.1%, 0.3%), the enhancement of mechanical properties of mortars is limited due to the impact of the van der Waals force on the sedimentation of PRG suspension, leading to the poor dispersion of the prepared PRG suspension. These results suggests that industrially produced pristine graphene by electrochemical process is a promising additive for improving performances of construction materials.Van Dac Ho, Ching-Tai Ng, Campbell J.Coghlan, Andy Goodwin, Craig Mc Guckin, Togay Ozbakkaloglu, Dusan Losi