An advanced 10.6-micro laser communication experiment

Carbon dioxide laser capability of high data rate intersatellite communicatio

A randomized controlled trial of a novel self-help technique for impulse control disorders: a study on nail-biting

Nail-biting is currently classified as an impulse control disorder not otherwise specified. Although seldom targeted as a primary symptom, nail-biting is often associated with somatic complications and decreased quality of life. The present study assessed the effectiveness of an innovative self-help technique, titled decoupling (DC). DC aims at attenuating pathological nail-biting by performing motor sequences that decouple and rearrange the behavioral elements involved in the habit. A total of 72 participants with excessive nail-biting were recruited via specialized self-help forums and were randomized to either DC or progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) groups after baseline assessment. Four weeks later, participants underwent a similar assessment as before and were asked to rate the effectiveness of the intervention. The primary outcome parameter was the Massachusetts General Hospital Scale (MGH) adapted. Relative to the PMR group, the DC group showed significant progress in withstanding the urge to bite their nails. Furthermore, they appraised the appearance of their nails as considerably less compromised at the end of the treatment relative to participants undergoing PMR. At statistical trend level, the DC group showed a significantly greater decline on the adapted MGH relative to PMR. Despite methodological limitations, the present study asserts that the effectiveness of DC, previously shown for trichotillomania, extends to nail-biting

Análise da contaminação por Salmonella em ovos do tipo colonial através da reação em cadeia da polimerase Analysis of Salmonella in free-range eggs through polymerase chain reaction

A identificação de poedeiras comerciais infectadas por salmonelas tem sido um dos pontos fortes da profilaxia e conseqüente redução de surtos de salmonelose em humanos associados ao consumo de ovos, sendo que a análise dos ovos pode ser mais um dos pontos de detecção da infecção, que, muitas vezes, cursa sem sinais clínicos. A Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) parece ser uma estratégia útil para detecção de Salmonella, pois vários autores têm utilizado a PCR para verificar a presença da bactéria em carnes, fezes, tecidos, sangue, leite e ovos, com diferentes metodologias de manipulação das amostras. Foram analisados 360 ovos, procedentes de dez propriedades rurais, produtoras de ovos tipo colonial, no distrito de Camobi, em Santa Maria - RS. Os ovos foram divididos em grupos de seis, totalizando sessenta amostras. O exame bacteriológico foi realizado conforme metodologia preconizada pelas normas técnicas e a metodologia de extração de DNA pelo fenol-clorofórmio. A PCR foi realizada para a amplificação de um fragmento de DNA de 284 pb. A análise dos resultados não demonstrou diferença significativa entre a PCR e o bacteriológico. Todas as amostras positivas ao bacteriológico foram positivas na PCR, sendo que essa última detectou duas amostras a mais, devido a sua alta sensibilidade e especificidade, especialmente quando é sabido que os ovos apresentam uma população microbiana mista que, muitas vezes, impede o isolamento adequado das salmonelas no bacteriológico pela competição com a flora bacteriana normalmente presente.<br>The identification of salmonella infection in commercial poultry has been one of the strong points of prophylaxis and consequent reduction of salmonellosis outbreaks in humans associated to consumption of eggs, considering that the analysis of the eggs can be one more point of detection of infection, which for many times appear without clinical signs. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) seems to be a useful strategy for Salmonella detection, because various authors have used the PCR to verify the presence of bacteria in meat, feces, tissues, blood, milk and eggs, with different methods of manipulation of samples. We have analyzed 360 eggs from ten farms, producers of free range-eggs, in the district of Camobi, in Santa Maria - RS - Brasil. The eggs were grouped in pools of six, totaling sixty samples. The bacteriological exam was done in compliance with the method preconized by the technical rules and the method for extraction of DNA was by phenol-chloroform. The PCR was performed for the amplification of a 284 bp DNA fragment. The analysis of the results do not show significant difference between the PCR and the bacteriological exam. All positive samples in the bacteriological exam were also positive by PCR, however the PCR detected more two samples due to higher sensitivity and specificity, specially when it is known that the eggs show a mixed population of germs that many times difficult isolation of salmonellas in the bacteriological exam because of the competition with normal flora bacteria