24 research outputs found

    Maladie De Forestier Revelee Par Une Dysphagie A Propos De Deux Cas

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    La maladie de Forestier ou hyperostose ankylosante vertébrale engainante est un désordre musculo-squelettique non inflammatoire responsable d\'une ossification ligamentaire essentiellement du ligament longitudinal antérieur. Elle touche de préférence l\'homme de plus de 50 ans. La dysphagie est un symptÎme rarement observé dans l\'évolution de la maladie de Forestier. Nous rapportons deux cas révélés par une dysphagie isolée. Il s\'agit de deux hommes ùgés de 50 et 56 ans. Le diagnostic était radiologique. La radiographie standard du rachis a objectivé des ostéophytes du rachis cervical. Le transit oesogastroduodénal a montré une compression modérée de l\'oesophage cervical. Le traitement était médical reposant sur les anti inflammatoires non stéroïdiens et les antalgiques. Le traitement chirurgical est indiqué dans les cas de dysphagie sévÚre. Keywords: maladie de Forestier, hyperostose vertébrale, dysphagie. Journal Tunisien d\'ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale Vol. 18 2007: pp. 55-5

    Mucocele geante de l’enfant

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    Les mucocĂšles sont des formations pseudo kystiques expansives des sinus de la face. Elles sont souvent diagnostiquĂ©es tardivement du fait de l’absence de signes spĂ©cifiques. Le bilan radiologique basĂ© sur la TDM et ou l’IRM est essentiel pour confirmer le diagnostic et Ă©tablir le bilan d’extension. Nous rapportons le cas d’un enfant ĂągĂ© de 4 ans et 6mois traitĂ© d’une mucocĂšle gĂ©ante Ă©thmoĂŻdo- maxillaire.Mots clĂ©s : mucocĂšle ; enfant ; TDM ; IRM ; chirurgieMucoceles are pseudo-cystic expansive formations of the sinuses. They are often diagnosed lately because of the lack of specific signs. CT and MRI are essential for the diagnosis and to evaluate the extension.We report a case of child with ethmoide-maxillary mucocĂšle treated in our department.Key words: mucocele; child; CT; MRI; surger

    Le Traitement Chirurgical Des Poches De Retraction Tympaniques De L\'enfant

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    Objectifs : PrĂ©ciser les principes du traitement chirurgical et les particularitĂ©s des poches de rĂ©traction tympaniques (PDR) chez l\'enfant. MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thodes : Nous rapportons une Ă©tude rĂ©trospective Ă  propos de 37 PDR (28 enfants) opĂ©rĂ©s entre 1995 et 2006. Tous les patients avaient bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© d\'un examen clinique et un bilan audiomĂ©trique. Le traitement consistait en un renforcement tympanique par un greffon cartilagineux Ă©ventuellement associĂ© Ă  une attico-mastoĂŻdectomie. Les rĂ©sultats anatomiques et fonctionnels post opĂ©ratoires ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©s avec un recul moyen de 29 mois. RĂ©sultats : L\'Ăąge moyen des patients Ă©tait de 10,5 ans et le sex-ratio de 1,33. Sept enfants avaient des antĂ©cĂ©dents d\'otite sĂ©romuqueuse bilatĂ©rale, avec pose d\'ATT. L\'hypoacousie Ă©tait le signe fonctionnel le plus frĂ©quent (67,8%). Les PDR Ă©taient classĂ©es stade III, II et I (Charachon) respectivement dans 56,8%, 29,7% et 13,5% des cas. L\'audiomĂ©trie trouvait une surditĂ© de transmission moyenne Ă  25 ± 15 dB. Une chirurgie de renforcement a Ă©tĂ© pratiquĂ©e dans tous les cas, associĂ©e Ă  une mastoĂŻdectomie chez 12 patients. Aucune rĂ©cidive de rĂ©traction n\'a Ă©tĂ© notĂ©e en post opĂ©ratoire. Par ailleurs, l\'analyse des rĂ©sultats fonctionnels a montrĂ© un gain auditif moyen de 10 dB et un Rinne rĂ©siduel < 15 dB dans 75,6% des cas. Conclusion : La chirurgie de renforcement tympanique par du cartilage, prend une place importante dans la prise en charge des PDR de l\'enfant et donne d\'excellents rĂ©sultats anatomiques et fonctionnels.Objective: To precise the bases of surgical treatment and the particularities of tympanic retraction pockets (RP) in children. Materials and methods: We report a retrospective study about 37 RP (28 children) operated between 1995 and 2006. All patients had otological examination, nasal endoscopy and audiometric explorations. Treatment consists in reinforcement of the tympanic membrane with cartilage graft in all cases. After treatment, anatomical and functional results were evaluated with a mean follow-up of 29 months. Results: Mean-age was 10,5 years and sex-ratio 1,33. Seven children had bilateral seromucous otitis with ventilation tube insertion. Hearing-loss was the most frequent sign (67,8%). RP were classified (Charachon) stage III, II and I in 56,8%, 29,7% et 13,5%, respectively. Audiometery showed an average air conduction threshold of 25± 10 dB. Reinforcement tympanoplasty was performed in all cases, associated with canal wall-up mastoidectomy in 12 ears. No recurrence of retraction of the graft has been noted after treatment. Furthermore, analysis of functional results showed an average air conduction gain of 10 dB and air conduction gap < 15 dB in 75,6 % of cases. Conclusion: Reinforcement tympanoplasty with cartilage, takes a large place in the management of RP in children and achieves good anatomical and functional results. Keywords: Tympanic retraction – Surgery – Cartilage – Supervision Journal Tunisien d\'ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale Vol. 18 2007: pp. 12-1

    Laryngocele a propos de 9 cas

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    La laryngocĂšle est une pathologie rare. elle est dĂ©finit par la dilatation progressive du saccule laryngĂ©. Le diagnostic est suspectĂ© par l’examen clinique, sa prise en charge est encore discutĂ©e. nous rapportons une Ă©tude rĂ©trospective portant sur 9 patients ayant Ă©tĂ© suivis et traitĂ©s pour une laryngocĂšle. La sĂ©rie a Ă©tĂ© colligĂ©e sur une pĂ©riode de 14 ans, allant de 1998 Ă  2011. Six de nos patients avaient une laryngocĂšle externe, deux patients avaient une laryngocĂšle mixte et un patient avait une laryngocĂšle interne. Une surinfection a Ă©tĂ© notĂ©e chez trois patients rĂ©alisant ainsi le tableau de pyolaryngocĂšle. Tous les patients ont eu un examen clinique complet comportant un examen OrL et cervico-facial ainsi qu’un examen laryngĂ© au nasofibroscope. La tomodensitomĂ©trie cervicale a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e de façon systĂ©matique. Huit de nos malades ont Ă©tĂ© abordĂ©s par voie cervicale permettant une exĂ©rĂšse complĂšte du sac. Le recul moyen Ă©tait de 38 mois sans rĂ©cidive. Toute laryngocĂšle dĂ©couverte, doit ĂȘtre traitĂ©e afin d’éviter les complications essentiellement locales pouvant mettre en jeu le pronostic vital. Les modalitĂ©s thĂ©rapeutiques dĂ©pendent du type de la laryngocĂšle.Mots-clĂ©s : laryngocĂšle, nasofibroscopie laryngĂ©e, traitement endoscopique, thyrotomie.A laryngocele is a rare affection which consists in an abnormal dilatation of the laryngeal saccule. The diagnosis is suspected after clinical exam. The management of this pathology remains a subject of debating. We report a retrospective review including nine patients with laryngocele treated over a 14 years-period. Six patients had external laryngoceles; two had combined laryngocele; another one had an internal laryngocele. Preoperative diagnosis of each patient was made on flexible nasolaryngoscopy following routine otorhinolaryngologic exam. CT scan was systematically done. mrI was realized in case of a diagnostic doubt. eight of our patients were treated via external approach. no recurrences were encountered during the following-up. Laryngoceles must be treated to provide different complications. Some of these complications can cause death. The modalities of the treatment depend on the type of laryngocele.Keywords : laryngocele, nasolaryngoscopy, endoscopic treatment, thyrotomy

    Otospongiose : a propos de 149 cas

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    Introduction : L’otospongiose est une ostĂ©odystrophie de la capsule otique se traduisant par une surditĂ© de transmission ou plus rarement une surditĂ© mixte d’apparition progressive. Le but de notre travail est d’analyser les caractĂ©ristiques épidĂ©miologiques, cliniques, paracliniques et comparer les rĂ©sultats en fonction de l’ñge, du stade de l’ostĂ©odystrophie, de la technique chirurgicale et de la prothĂšse.Patients et mĂ©thodes : notre Ă©tude est rĂ©trospective portant sur 124 patients (149 oreilles) colligĂ©s sur une pĂ©riode de 9 ans (2000-2008).RĂ©sultats : notre population a comportĂ© 86 femmes et 38 hommes. La moyenne d’ñge Ă  l’intervention Ă©tait de 39,82 ans. La surditĂ© Ă©tait bilatĂ©rale dans 61,3% des cas et unilatĂ©rale dans 38,3%. Les seuils moyens prĂ©opĂ©ratoires de la conduction osseuse et aĂ©rienne Ă©taient respectivement de 17,33 dB et 52,52 dB, le rinne moyen Ă©tait de 35,19 dB. La tomodensitomĂ©trie a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e chez 63 patients. On a rĂ©alisĂ© 21 platinectomie totale, 24 platinectomie partielle et 101 platinotomie calibrĂ©e. Selon la classification de Portmann, on a trouvĂ© une rĂ©partition sensiblement Ă©gale entre les stades II, III et IV. On a utilisĂ© un piston tĂ©flon 6/10 mm dans 119 cas et 4/10 mm dans 27 cas. Le rinne moyen postopĂ©ratoire était de 15,95 dB. a 1 an, le rinne Ă©tait de 14,81 dB avec un rĂ©sultat satisfaisant de 94,2%.Conclusion : Il ressort de notre travail que certains facteurs semblent prĂ©dictifs de bons rĂ©sultats et qui sont : le sexe fĂ©minin, l’ñge &lt;50 ans, le stade chirurgical&lt; stade IV, la platinotomie, et le piston 0,4 mm.Mots clĂ©s : otospongiose, conduction osseuse, conduction aĂ©rienne, platinotomie, platinectomie.Objective : Otosclerosis is a common disorder of the otic capsule characterized by the presence of a progressive conductive or rarely mixed hearing loss. The aims of this study were to analyses the epidemiologic, clinical, paraclinical characteristic and compare our results according to age, stage, surgical technique and prosthesis. Patients et mĂ©thodes : Our study is retrospective about 124 patients (149 ears) in the period of 9 years (2000-2008).Results: Our population included 86 female and 38 male patients. mean age at intervention time was 39,82 years. The hearing loss was bilateral in 61,3% of cases and unilateral in 38,3%. The bone and air conduction threshold was 17.33 dB and 52,52 dB, the air-bone gap was 35,19 dB. The CT scan was realized in 63 patients. We have realized 21stapedectomy, 24 partial stapedectomy and 101 stapedotomy. In accordance with Portmann classification, the distribution between II, III and IV stages was almost equal. We used 6/10 mm Teflon piston prosthesis in 119 cases and 4/10 mm in 27 cases. The postoperative air-bone gap was 15,95 dB. after 1 year, the air-bone gap was 14,81 dB with a satisfying results in 94,2%.Conclusion: it seems that some factors are predictive for good results like a female sex, age&lt;50 years, stage&lt; stage IV, platinotomy and piston 4/10 mm.Keyswords : otosclerosis, bone conduction, air conduction, stapedectomy, stapedotom

    Les goitres plongeants : particularites cliniques, radiologiques et therapeutiques

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    Introduction: Les goitres plongeants, devenus rares de nos jours, posent des problĂšmes diagnostiques et chirurgicaux particuliers. Leur prise en charge est facilitĂ©e par l’apport de la tomodensitometrie permettant de planifier l’attitude thĂ©rapeutique.Le but de ce travail est de prĂ©ciser les modalitĂ©s d’exploration et de prise en charge chirurgicale des goitres plongeants.MatĂ©riels et mĂ©thodes : Nous rapportons une Ă©tude rĂ©trospective portant sur42 cas de goitre plongeant colligĂ©s sur une pĂ©riode de 11 ans entre 2001 et 2011.RĂ©sultats : L’ñge moyen de nos patients Ă©tait de 56,9 ans (36-86 ans). Le sex-ratio Ă©tait de 0,13. La tumĂ©faction basi-cervicale Ă©tait le motif de consultation le plus frĂ©quent, rapportĂ©e dans 74 % des cas associĂ©e Ă  des signes de compression oesotrachĂ©ale dans 45% des cas.Une paralysie rĂ©currentielle unilatĂ©rale a Ă©tĂ© objectivĂ©e dans 3 cas.Une radiographie de thorax a montrĂ© un Ă©largissement mĂ©diastinal dans 23% des cas avec dĂ©viation trachĂ©ale chez63 % des malades. Une TDM cervico-thoracique pratiquĂ©e dans 85% des cas a confirmĂ© le diagnostic. Le traitement chirurgical Ă©tait menĂ© par voie cervicale exclusive chez tous les patients. Une paralysie rĂ©curentielle a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e dans 3 cas. Aucune hypoparathyroĂŻdie dĂ©finitive n’a Ă©tĂ© rapportĂ©e avec un reculmoyen de 24mois.Conclusion : Les goitres plongeants devenus rares du fait de la prise en charge plus prĂ©coce des nodules thyroĂŻdiens. Ils posent actuellement moins de difficultĂ©s thĂ©rapeutiques. L’indication chirurgicale est toujours formelle devant le risque vital qu’ils posent.Mots clĂ©s : goitre cervicothoracique, thyroĂŻdectomie, paralysie rĂ©currentielle, hypoparathyroĂŻdie.Introduction: Substernal goiters, becoming rare, present diagnositic and therapeutic problems.Their management is facilitated by the contribution of computed tomography for planning the therapeutic approach. The aim of this study is to specify the procedures for exploration and surgical management of substernal goiters.Materials and Methods: We report a retrospective study of 42 cases of substernalgoiters collaged over a period of 11 years between 2001 and 2011.Results: The mean age was 56,9 years (36- 86 years). The sex ratio was 0,13. Cervical swelling was the most common reason for consultation, reported in 74% of cases associated with signs of oesotrachealcompression in 45% of cases. Unilateral laryngeal palsy has been objectified in 3 cases. Chest-x-Ray showed widening of mediastinal shadowwith tracheal deviation in 63% of patients. A cervico-thoracic CT performed in 85% of cases confirmed the diagnosis of substernal goiters. The cervical approach has been used in all cases. Laryngeal nerve palsy was observed in 3 cases. No definitive hypoparathyroidism have been reported with a mean of 24 months.Conclusion: Substernal goiters become rare due to the earlier diagnosis of thyroid nodules. They currently present fewer therapeutic difficulties, and must be managed surgically because of vital risk.Key words: substernal goiter, thyroidectomy, laryngeal nerve palsy, hypoparathoidism

    Les stenoses tracheales acquises: Experiencede l’hopitalhabibthameur

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    Introduction: Acquired tracheal stenoses represent rare but serious disease. They are often secondary to inappropriate management of patients under artificial ventilation. The goal of this study is to evaluate our results in the management of these stenoses and to assess the benefits and the limits different therapeutic means.Materials and methods : We carry a retrospective study about 18 cases of acquired tracheal stenoses treated and followed in our department between 1999 and 2006. Initial endoscopic and radiological explorations have been performed in all cases. Treatment of the stenoses was medical, endoscopic and/or surgical. Follow-up was clinical and endoscopicwith a mean period of 22 months.Results : All patients were victims of pathology needing intubation. Tracheotomy was performed after intubation in 50% of cases after a mean period of 12 days (5-20 days). Dyspnea and dysphonia were the major functional symptoms. Initial endoscopy showed a double tracheal stenosis in one case. Stenoses were initialy fibrous in 72.2% of cases and evolutivein 27.8% of cases. CT scan performed in 12 cases and MRI in 2 others allowed to better study stenosis characteristics. RFE was performed in 6 cases and showed an obstructive syndrome in all of them. All patients received medical treatment. Before a definitive treatment, dilatation was performed in 11 cases (61%) and stenting in one other (5.6%). Laser diode therapy was used in 11 patients including 2 cases having postoperative recurrence. Tracheal resection and reconstruction wasperformed in 11 cases (61%) having extensive and severe stenoses with involvement of tracheal cartilage.Conclusion : Acquired tracheal stenoses represent a serious complication with high morbidity. If tracheal resection and reconstruction remains the gold standard treatment, endoscopy represents now a major alternative in their management. Nevertheless, prevention should be considered, given that most stenoses are iatrogenic due to traumatic or prolongedintubations

    Evidence of causal effect of major depression on alcohol dependence: findings from the psychiatric genomics consortium

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    BACKGROUND Despite established clinical associations among major depression (MD), alcohol dependence (AD), and alcohol consumption (AC), the nature of the causal relationship between them is not completely understood. We leveraged genome-wide data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) and UK Biobank to test for the presence of shared genetic mechanisms and causal relationships among MD, AD, and AC. METHODS Linkage disequilibrium score regression and Mendelian randomization (MR) were performed using genome-wide data from the PGC (MD: 135 458 cases and 344 901 controls; AD: 10 206 cases and 28 480 controls) and UK Biobank (AC-frequency: 438 308 individuals; AC-quantity: 307 098 individuals). RESULTS Positive genetic correlation was observed between MD and AD (rgMD−AD = + 0.47, P = 6.6 × 10−10). AC-quantity showed positive genetic correlation with both AD (rgAD−AC quantity = + 0.75, P = 1.8 × 10−14) and MD (rgMD−AC quantity = + 0.14, P = 2.9 × 10−7), while there was negative correlation of AC-frequency with MD (rgMD−AC frequency = −0.17, P = 1.5 × 10−10) and a non-significant result with AD. MR analyses confirmed the presence of pleiotropy among these four traits. However, the MD-AD results reflect a mediated-pleiotropy mechanism (i.e. causal relationship) with an effect of MD on AD (beta = 0.28, P = 1.29 × 10−6). There was no evidence for reverse causation. CONCLUSION This study supports a causal role for genetic liability of MD on AD based on genetic datasets including thousands of individuals. Understanding mechanisms underlying MD-AD comorbidity addresses important public health concerns and has the potential to facilitate prevention and intervention efforts

    Prise charge des fentes labio-velo-palatines

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    Objective : Labial-alveolar-velopalatine cleft is a common congenital dysmorphose of craniofacial region. It represents 65% of malformations of the cephalic extremity and the second malformation of the human. Their management must be multidisciplinary. It doesn't exist at the present hour a standard in management of this pathology and the therapeuticcalendar was specified to surgeons and their teams. Our subject was to study epidemiological and clinical chartacteristics and to evaluate our results.Materials and methods : It is about a retrospective study of 38 patient colliged on 14 years (1994- 2008). All patients benefitted of a clinical examination, audiometric test and orthophonic evaluation. Abdominal and cardiac sonography has been performed in order to search an associated malformation.Results : The middle age was 6 years and the sex-ratio 1,37. An associated malformation has been noted in 21% of cases. Disorders language have been recovered in 71% of cases and a tubal dysfunction in 26% of cases. It was about a cleft of lip and palate in 72% of cases, unilateral complete cleft in 10% of cases and bilateral complete cleft in 5% of cases.. The surgical treatment consisted in a closing in one operative time of the veil, the hard palate and the lip, associated to a nasal correction according to the technique of Malek. We got a satisfactory aesthetic and functional result in 89% of cases.Conclusion : The management of the cleft of lip and palate must be multidisciplinary to assure the child's better functional and aesthetic rehabilitation and to minimize sequels. A standard managementl with a pre-established therapeutic calendar is the only guarantor of the therapeutic success.Keywords : Labial-alveolar-velopalatine cleft , associated malformation, surgery, sequel
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