More Than Just Sex: The Social Implications of HIV/AIDS in Lusaka, Zambia

The thesis research examines the implications of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on people living in Lusaka, Zambia with a particular focus on women. This study incorporates a literature review, qualitative semi-structured interviews and is grounded in anthropological and feminist theories concerning gender. It explores the intersections of the economic situation, cultural norms and education as well as the gendered nature of socialization to provide further insight into the multifaceted and overlapping factors that may influence the propagation of HIV/AIDS within this society. Through ethnographic accounts, individual lived experiences are explored and highlight the variability in women’s conditions in Lusaka, particularly when these women are living with HIV

Classroom Discourse in a Multilingual Context: The Case of Selected Primary Schools in Chuka Division, Tharaka- Nithi County, Kenya.

The sociolinguistic situation in Kenya is triglossic in nature (Schmied, 2012) English is at the top of the rank as the official language. Kiswahili has been in the middle as the co-official and national language. It is also used as the country’s lingua franca.The indigenous languages are at the base of the hierarchy. This paper sought to evaluate whether the language-in-education policy is implemented in the classroom. The study was a case study carried out in Chuka Division, Tharaka-Nithi County, Kenya. The paper establishes that teachers mainly use code- mixing in the classroom and also in official domains. The findings in this paper contribute to scholarly literature in Sociolinguistics and are of great benefit to curriculum developers in the ministry of education in Kenya. Keywords: Language of Instruction (LOI), mother tongue (MT), Policy Implementation, Language –in –Education Polic

An Evaluation of Southern Region Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) Program Proposals for the Period 1992-1994.

The purpose of this study was to describe and compare funded and unfunded research proposals submitted to the Southern Region Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Council between 1992 and 1994. Coding reliability and validity were assessed through a pilot study after which the actual coding was carried out. A census of 32 funded and a simple random sample of 54 unfunded proposals were used for this study. Descriptive statistics (frequencies) were used to describe research themes, sustainable agricultural practices, research categories, funds requested for research, origin of proposals, length of research period, research cooperators, and the occupation of principal investigators. The results of the study showed that the investigators placed emphasis on several variables deemed important in the promotion of sustainable agriculture in the Southern Region. The theme of animal systems research was most emphasized, while the variable, cropping practice, had the highest frequency among the sustainable agricultural practices. Integrated and experimental research categories together had the highest frequencies among the funded proposals. Arkansas received the highest number of proposals funded, and most funded proposals took three years. Many funded proposals were written by four or more cooperators. Professors represented the occupation with the most funding, followed by practitioners. Integrated research was shown to be very important in this study. Integration of animal and cropping systems was considered by researchers as an important farming practice in the promotion of sustainable agriculture in the southern United States. A multi-disciplinary approach where different professionals cooperated to do research was emphasized by many researchers in this study

Chapter One Foundation Limited and 2 Others v The Attorney General 2020/CCZ/0013 [2021]

If Zambia is to achieve gender parity and the representation of youth and persons with disabilities in politics, the Constitutional Court must be committed to: a) interpreting the Constitution in a manner which aligns with the principles and values set out in the Constitution, and b) Constitutional Court needs to offer extensive well-reasoned analysis of the Constitution within context of the laws’ purpose

A temporal prognostic model based on dynamic Bayesian networks: mining medical insurance data

A prognostic model is a formal combination of multiple predictors from which risk probability of a specific diagnosis can be modelled for patients. Prognostic models have become essential instruments in medicine. The models are used for prediction purposes of guiding doctors to make a smart diagnosis, patient-specific decisions or help in planning the utilization of resources for patient groups who have similar prognostic paths. Dynamic Bayesian networks theoretically provide a very expressive and flexible model to solve temporal problems in medicine. However, this involves various challenges due both to the nature of the clinical domain, and the nature of the DBN modelling and inference process itself. The challenges from the clinical domain include insufficient knowledge of temporal interactions of processes in the medical literature, the sparse nature and variability of medical data collection, and the difficulty in preparing and abstracting clinical data in a suitable format without losing valuable information in the process. Challenges about the DBN methodology and implementation include the lack of tools that allow easy modelling of temporal processes. Overcoming this challenge will help to solve various clinical temporal reasoning problems. In this thesis, we addressed these challenges while building a temporal network with explanations of the effects of predisposing factors, such as age and gender, and the progression information of all diagnoses using claims data from an insurance company in Kenya. We showed that our network could differentiate the possible probability exposure to a diagnosis given the age and gender and possible paths given a patient's history. We also presented evidence that the more patient history is provided, the better the prediction of future diagnosis

Vowel Epenthesis as a Parameter Setting Strategy in Gichuka Loanwords

The study of loanwords has played an important role in the development of phonological theories and in cross-linguistic studies in recent years and loanword phonology presents a rich empirical ground for examining any topical question in field of phonology. Loanwords help linguists to find out more about native phonology. This is especially so in studying the role of native phonological contrasts in phonological processes. This study looked at vowel epenthesis as a phonological process used to adapt lexical items borrowed from English to Gichuka. The data was collected in Tharaka-Nithi County using interviews, naturalistic observation and focused group discussions. The sample was based on ten domains namely: education, agriculture, clothing, electrical goods and technology, religion, health, trade and industry, household goods, food and administration. The theory of Government Phonology was used in the data analysis. The results show that vowel epenthesis is a parameter setting strategy in adapting lexical items that Gichuka has borrowed from English. This paper sheds light on the applicability of the theory of Government Phonology in the nativisation of loanwords. Keywords: Loanword, Government Phonology Theory, Parameter, Vowel Epenthesis

Universal jurisdiction and the International Court of Justice: a comment on the Congo cases

Universal jurisdiction relates to unprecedented developments which occurred in international law over the last decades, especially since the creation of the United Nations. Universal jurisdiction is linked with the emergence of international human rights law and criminal law and unfortunately conflicts with traditional international law principles such as equality among states and state sovereignty. International lawyers gave it renewed attention in the aftermath of the Pinochet case. However, the International Court of Justice was still to pronounce on its legality. The DRC case provided the first test but as some uncertainty remained, Africa in the Congo case returned to the World Court to help it dispose of the matter, making yet another contribution to the development of international law. The Congo case is still pending. This article discusses universal jurisdiction and sovereign immunity briefly. Against the backdrop of the DRC and the Congo cases, the author reflects on the prospects for universal jurisdiction. He contends that the ICJ will remain primarily a court for states and finally urges that the combat that culminated in the establishment of the International Criminal Court should continue to mark a new era for human and peoples’ rights in international law in this new century

A replication of a controlled experiment with two STRIDE variants

To avoid costly security patching after software deployment, security-by-design techniques (e.g., STRIDE threat analysis) are adopted in organizations to root out security issues before the system is ever implemented. Despite the global gap in cybersecurity workforce and the high manual effort required for performing threat analysis, organizations are ramping up threat analysis activities. However, past experimental results were inconclusive regarding some performance indicators of threat analysis techniques thus practitioners have little evidence for choosing the technique to adopt. To address this issue, we replicated a controlled experiment with STRIDE. Our study was aimed at measuring and comparing the performance indicators (productivity and precision) of two STRIDE variants (element and interaction). We conclude the paper by comparing our results to the original study

Exploring Diverse Models of Public-Private Partnerships in the Health Sector

This paper critically examines the definition of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) and explores key models of such collaborations, shedding light on their advantages, challenges, and implications. Further, the paper delves into the diverse models of PPPs employed within the health sector, examining their unique characteristics, advantages, challenges, and real-world case studies. By analyzing these models, we can better understand how PPPs contribute to improved healthcare delivery and outcomes. Furthermore, the paper attempts to highlight the best practices and strategies for successful health sector public-private partnerships. Keywords: Public-Private Partnerships, health sector DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/15-15-09 Publication date:August 31st 2023

A Critical Narrative Review of Public-Private Partnerships in The Health Sector in Selected Southern African Countries

The aim of this paper is to provide a narrative literature review of Public-Private-Partnerships (PPPs) in selected Southern African countries with a particular focus on the health sector. The study reviewed that that South Africa has extensively utilised PPPs in the development of the health sector. The common areas in which other Southern African countries have been successful is in collaborating on research and development in the health sector, particularly, in HIV-AIDS programmes. In respect of health infrastructure development under PPPs, most African countries, with the exception of South Africa, have not been successful. There is need for countries to rethink on what models of PPPs can work in their respective countries if modern infrastructure in the health sector can be developed at a relatively affordable cost. Keywords: Public-Private Partnerships, PPPs, Zambia, Southern Africa, Zimbabwe, Lesotho, South Africa, PMTCT, BOTUSA project DOI: 10.7176/JESD/14-13-07 Publication date:August 31st 202