4,305 research outputs found
On Pairs of Difference Operators Satisfying: [P,Q] = Id
Different finite difference replacements for the derivative are analyzed in
the context of the Heisenberg commutation relation. The type of the finite
difference operator is shown to be tied to whether one can naturally consider
and to be self-adjoint and skew self-adjoint or whether they have to be
viewed as creation and annihilation operators. The first class, generalizing
the central difference scheme, is shown to give unitary equivalent
representations. For the second case we construct a large class of examples,
generalizing previously known difference operator realizations of .Comment: 32 pages, plain Te
MARTA: A high-energy cosmic-ray detector concept with high-accuracy muon measurement
A new concept for the direct measurement of muons in air showers is
presented. The concept is based on resistive plate chambers (RPCs), which can
directly measure muons with very good space and time resolution. The muon
detector is shielded by placing it under another detector able to absorb and
measure the electromagnetic component of the showers such as a water-Cherenkov
detector, commonly used in air shower arrays. The combination of the two
detectors in a single, compact detector unit provides a unique measurement that
opens rich possibilities in the study of air showers.Comment: 11 page
Measurement and comparison of individual external doses of high-school students living in Japan, France, Poland and Belarus -- the "D-shuttle" project --
Twelve high schools in Japan (of which six are in Fukushima Prefecture), four
in France, eight in Poland and two in Belarus cooperated in the measurement and
comparison of individual external doses in 2014. In total 216 high-school
students and teachers participated in the study. Each participant wore an
electronic personal dosimeter "D-shuttle" for two weeks, and kept a journal of
his/her whereabouts and activities. The distributions of annual external doses
estimated for each region overlap with each other, demonstrating that the
personal external individual doses in locations where residence is currently
allowed in Fukushima Prefecture and in Belarus are well within the range of
estimated annual doses due to the background radiation level of other
regions/countries
Charging a Double Kerr Solution in 5D Einstein--Maxwell--Kalb--Ramond Theory
We consider the low-energy effective action of the 5D
Einstein-Maxwell-Kalb-Ramond theory. After compactifying this truncated model
on a two-torus and switching off the U(1) vector fields of this theory, we
recall a formulation of the resulting three-dimensional action as a double
Ernst system coupled to gravity. Further, by applying the so-called normalized
Harrison transformation on a generic solution of this double Ernst system we
recover the U(1) vector field sector of the theory. Afterward, we compute the
field content of the generated charged configuration for the special case when
the starting Ernst potentials correspond to a pair of interacting Kerr black
holes, obtaining in this way an exact field configuration of the 5D
Einstein-Maxwell-Kalb-Ramond theory endowed with effective Coulomb and dipole
terms with momenta. Some physical properties of this object are analyzed as
well as the effect of the normalized Harrison transformation on the double Kerr
seed solution.Comment: 15 pages in latex, revised versio
ONSAGERS'S RECIPROCAL RELATIONS AND THERMODYNAMICS OF IRREVERSIBLE PROCESSES
A critical assessment is presented of ONSAGER's original derivation of reciprocal relations.
These relations hold if the irreversible fluxes (time derivatives of state variables) are linear
functions of the driving forces, but the latter may themselves be nonlinear functions of the
state variables. This is an example amongst others of nonlinear behaviour that falls within
the framework of (quasi) linear thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The discussion
includes the variation principle of the least dbsipation of energy
Superfluidity and Stationary Space-Times
A connection between superfluidity and gravitation is established for
physical stationary gravitational fields. We show that the spinning cosmic
string metric describes the gravitational field associated with the single
vortex in a superfluid condensate model for space-time outside the vortex core.
This metric differs significantly from the usual acoustic metric for the
Onsager-Feynman vortex. We also consider the question of what happens when many
vortices are present, and show that on large scales a G\"odel-like metric
emerges. In both the single and multiple vortex cases the presence of closed
time-like curves is attributed to the breakdown of superfluid rigidity.Comment: LaTeX file, 12 pages; v2 : misprints corrected; in ref. 27 the
repeating of Phys. Rev. Lett. is changed to ibid., as it should read, and the
number of references is 4
Gravitation as a Many Body Problem
The idea of viewing gravitation as a many body phenomenon is put forward here. Physical arguments supporting this idea are briefly reviewed. The basic mathematical object of the new gravitational mechanics is a matrix of operators. Striking similarity of the method of R-matrix (QISM) to the mathematical formulation of the new gravitational mechanics is pointed out. The s-wave difference Schrodinger equation describing a process of emission of radiation by a gravitating particle is shown to be analogous to the Baxter equation of the QISM
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