Ranking of Shiraz Top Fitness Clubs Regarding Nutritional Knowledge, Attitude, and Performance of Sport Trainers Using Multi-Criteria Decision Making Approach

Background: It is important to know the physiological needs of athletes in relation to the type of sport, exercise, and the competition, about the amount of energy intake, macronutrients, micronutrients and fluids. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional knowledge, attitude, and the performance of Shiraz top fitness clubs’ sport trainers and ranking the clubs in this regard. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire of Parmenter and Wardle were used to record nutritional information including nutritional knowledge, attitude, and the performance of the sport coaches of 26 top clubs in Shiraz, southern Iran. To determine the weight of questionnaire’s dimensions, the Shannon entropy method was used and the Topsis technique was used to rank the clubs. Results: The mean scores of the top fitness clubs’ coaches in Shiraz in different aspects of nutritional knowledge, attitude, and performance were 14.367, 9.17, and 3.381, respectively. The ranking of clubs showed that 73% and 27% of the top clubs in Shiraz, respectively, had a moderate and poor status in the knowledge, attitude and performance of the coaches, and none of the clubs been in a good condition. In addition, the highest scale in this ranking was related to nutritional knowledge of coaches. Conclusion: The top sport clubs’ coaches in Shiraz had a low level of nutritional knowledge, attitude and performance, and none of the clubs had a good score in this regard. Therefore, the need for interventional actions to promote these items seems necessary

Association between the chromosome 9p21 locus and angiographic coronary artery disease burden: a collaborative meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to ascertain the relationship of 9p21 locus with: 1) angiographic coronary artery disease (CAD) burden; and 2) myocardial infarction (MI) in individuals with underlying CAD. BACKGROUND: Chromosome 9p21 variants have been robustly associated with coronary heart disease, but questions remain on the mechanism of risk, specifically whether the locus contributes to coronary atheroma burden or plaque instability. METHODS: We established a collaboration of 21 studies consisting of 33,673 subjects with information on both CAD (clinical or angiographic) and MI status along with 9p21 genotype. Tabular data are provided for each cohort on the presence and burden of angiographic CAD, MI cases with underlying CAD, and the diabetic status of all subjects. RESULTS: We first confirmed an association between 9p21 and CAD with angiographically defined cases and control subjects (pooled odds ratio [OR]: 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20 to 1.43). Among subjects with angiographic CAD (n = 20,987), random-effects model identified an association with multivessel CAD, compared with those with single-vessel disease (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.17)/copy of risk allele). Genotypic models showed an OR of 1.15, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.26 for heterozygous carrier and OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.39 for homozygous carrier. Finally, there was no significant association between 9p21 and prevalent MI when both cases (n = 17,791) and control subjects (n = 15,882) had underlying CAD (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.95 to 1.03)/risk allele. CONCLUSIONS: The 9p21 locus shows convincing association with greater burden of CAD but not with MI in the presence of underlying CAD. This adds further weight to the hypothesis that 9p21 locus primarily mediates an atherosclerotic phenotype