Effect of Three Apple Rootstocks on the Population of the Small Red-Belted Clearwing Borer, Synanthedon myopaeformis

Experiments were conducted in Ash-Shoubak area of Jordan from June 2003 to September 2005 to study the effect of three apple rootstocks on the development of the small red-belted clearwing borer, Synanthedon myopaeformis (Borkh.) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), under field conditions. Mondial Gala apple trees grafted on the dwarfing rootstock M9 and the semi-dwarfing rootstock M26 were equally infested, whereas those grafted on MM106 showed significantly lower infestation levels. S. myopaeformis bore into burr knots that develop below a graft union on rootstocks and girdle the tree. There was a significant effect of rootstock on the numbers of burrs present, and the percentage of burr knots infested by S. myopaeformis, with M106 having significantly fewer burrs, and a lower percent infested

Management and within-tree spatial distribution of the small red-belted clearwing borer, Symmthedon myopaeformis (Borkhausen) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), infesting dwarfing apple orchards in southern Jordan

Experiments were conducted in the Ash-Shoubak apple-growing region of southern Jordan to determine the impact of four management practices on reducing populations of the small red-belted clearwing borer, Synanthedon myopaeformis (Borkhausen) infesting apple cultivars grafted on M26, M109, and M106 rootstocks. Results revealed that use of a flexible wire to mechanically kill insect larvae, mounding soil over the graft-union area, wrapping tree trunks with cheesecloth from the soil surface to a height of 80 cm, and use of an insecticidal paint composed of water, copper sulfate, petroleum oil, and Durusban®, all reduced the insect populations compared with untreated control trees. The insecticidal paint treatment caused the greatest population reduction. More S. myopaeformis larvae were recovered from the main trunk of the trees than from main and sub-main lateral branches

Aqueous Extracts of Some Medicinal Plants are as Toxic as Lmidacloprid to the Sweet Potato Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci

Aqueous extracts of nine plants, known to have medicinal activity, were tested for their toxicity against the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Genn. (Homoptera: Aleurodidae) compared to the toxicity of the insecticide, Imidacloprid. Extracts of Lepidiuim sativum L. (Brassicales: Brassicaceae) killed 71 % of early stage nymphs, which was not significantly different from mortality caused by Imidacloprid. Treatment of pupae with three plant extracts, L. sativum, Achillea biebersteinii L. (Asterales: Asteraceae), or Retama raetam (Forssk.) Webb and Berthel (Fabales: Fabaceae) prevented adult development, and treatment with R. raetam extract killed adults, at levels that were not significantly different from Imidacloprid. None of the other plants showed significant toxicity. However extracts of four plants, Pimpinella anisum L. (Apiales: Apiaceae), Galium longifolium (Sibth. and SM.) (Gentianales: Rubiaceae), R. raetam and Ballota undulata Bentham (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) had a repellent effect

from the sweet potato whitefly Bemesia tabaci Genn.

Isolation and identification of culturable forms of bacteri

Comparison of different green synthesized nanomaterials on green peach aphid as aphicidal potential

The synthesis of nanomaterials of copper oxide (CuO), zinc oxide (ZnO), magnesium hydroxide (MgOH) and magnesium oxide (MgO) is considered to be a successful way of synthesis by using aqueous extracts of Punicagrantum peels, Olea europea leaves and Chamaemelumnobile flowers from copper sulfate, zinc sulfate and magnesium sulfate. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). SEM and TEM analysis showed that the particles were spherical and the size of the particles ranged from 5 nm to 80 nm. The screening of synthesized bio-nanoparticles revealed that these nanoparticles were effective in increasing the mortality percent of green peach aphid, Myzu spersicae Sulzer (Homoptera: Aphididae). From this study, it is concluded that the biosynthesized metal oxide nanoparticles had controlled thegreen peach aphid. Magnesium hydroxide bionanoparticles synthesized were the best control to M.persicae compared to other synthetic nanoparticles. Hence, it might be the best against M. persicae environmentally.</p