学外実習を通しての栄養士養成教育の充実 : 事後指導を中心として(自然科学系)

一層多様化する栄養士業務と近年とみに変化しつつある学生資質との間で、栄養士資質の向上をめざし、より良い「学外実習(校外実習)」の実施を検討することは急務である。現在行っている「学外実習(校外実習)」の事後指導である「学外実習(校外実習)報告会」までの教授法を中心に提示しつつ考察し、今後の課題についても述べた。結果として、「学外実習(校外実習)」後に多数の学生に対して、課題のまとめ作業を一斉に進行させる為には、道具、システム(しくみ)、ルールの活用が有効であった。さらに意欲の向上やレベルアップを目指すためには、繰り返しの学習や作業が有効であった

PVL:Private Virtual Library in Advanced Information Network Environment

As network society grows rapidly and globally, information sources, such as digital libraries(DL) , databases, have been built over Internet These sources are becoming digital assets containing a huge volume of multimedia contents. In this paper, we propose PVL, a private virtual library, in which a user can use information of heterogeneous data type from these sources as well as real-time data obtained from cameras and VOD servers in the advanced information networks. Our main theme is to realize a flexible virtual library that enables users to customize the system privately in a bottom-up fashion, in every aspect of intelligent information media PVL is realized with repositories composed of data warehouse and heterogeneous mirrors, and autonomous agents that work cooperatively. We describe fundamental constructs of PVL in the paper

地域在住高齢透析患者の活動範囲を規定する因子の検討

Background: Physical inactivity in elderly people deteriorates their physical capacity and quality of life and increases their mortality risk. However, a sedentary lifestyle is highly prevalent among elderly hemodialysis （HD） patients. This study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics of lifespace mobility-related factors such as muscle mass, nutritional status, and cardiac function in elderly HD patients.Method: Life-space mobility for 158 community-dwelling outpatients （aged ≥65 years） who were undergoing maintenance HD thrice a week was surveyed using the Life-Space Assessment（ LSA）. Parameters such as muscle mass, nutritional status, cardiac function, anemia, inflammation, and obesity were compared between male（ n = 85） and female groups（ n = 73）, and the association between the LSA score and the parameters was investigated using multiple regression analysis in all subjects and the two groups.Results: The mean age of the patients was 73.7±5.8 years. LSA score, psoas muscle index（ PMI）, and serum creatinine（ Cr） levels in the male group were significantly higher than those in the female group. Left ventricular ejection fraction was higher in the female group than in the male group. Using multiple regression analysis, the LSA score in all subjects was independently associated with Cr levels, male gender, and serum albumin levels. Furthermore, in the male group, the LSA score was associated with PMI, while in the female group, the LSA score was associated with serum albumin levels and diabetes mellitus.Conclusions: Our results suggested that higher life-space mobility was associated with higher muscle mass in the male group and with higher nutritional status and absence of diabetes mellitus in the female group. Further comprehensive studies with larger sample sizes are required to investigate additional factors such as physical function and psychosocial and environmental variables

Novel quantitative immunohistochemical analysis for evaluating PD-L1 expression with phosphor-integrated dots for predicting the efficacy of patients with cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors

IntroductionProgrammed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in tumor tissues is measured as a predictor of the therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in many cancer types. PD-L1 expression is evaluated by immunohistochemical staining using 3,3´-diaminobenzidine (DAB) chronogenesis (IHC-DAB); however, quantitative and reproducibility issues remain. We focused on a highly sensitive quantitative immunohistochemical method using phosphor-integrated dots (PIDs), which are fluorescent nanoparticles, and evaluated PD-L1 expression between the PID method and conventional DAB method.MethodsIn total, 155 patients with metastatic or recurrent cancer treated with ICIs were enrolled from four university hospitals. Tumor tissue specimens collected before treatment were subjected to immunohistochemical staining with both the PID and conventional DAB methods to evaluate PD-L1 protein expression.ResultsPD-L1 expression assessed using the PID and DAB methods was positively correlated. We quantified PD-L1 expression using the PID method and calculated PD-L1 PID scores. The PID score was significantly higher in the responder group than in the non-responder group. Survival analysis demonstrated that PD-L1 expression evaluated using the IHC-DAB method was not associated with progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS). Yet, PFS and OS were strikingly prolonged in the high PD-L1 PID score group.ConclusionQuantification of PD-L1 expression as a PID score was more effective in predicting the treatment efficacy and prognosis of patients with cancer treated with ICIs. The quantitative evaluation of PD-L1 expression using the PID method is a novel strategy for protein detection. It is highly significant that the PID method was able to identify a group of patients with a favorable prognosis who could not be identified by the conventional DAB method

女子学生の食生活に関する調査について

栄養士養成施設の短大生60名に食生活状況調査を行った。この調査の目的は、効果的な栄養教育を行うために、この施設において、今後どのような視点を持ち、どのようなことが必要になるかを探る点にある。その為、調査票は既成のもの (THP食生活調査票) を用いた。この調査票は主に「働く成人男性」に合わせたものであった為に、様々な不都合な点も出現したが、この施設における学生の特質の方向性というものは、ある程度把握できたのではないかと考える。総体として、学生たちは、養成施設ということもあってか、健康志向の優等生的な回答が多いように思えた。回答によっては、知識と行動の乖離現象と思われるような部分を感じた。また、広く浅く聞く方式の設問であった為に、望んでいる方式の正確な回答が得られないことや、背景がよく解らないような内容が出現した。集計結果は、対象数が少ないということもあり、必ずしもこの施設の特質を現すということにはならないが、今後に向けての予備調査としては、ある程度の働きがあったものと考える。これらの結果を「効果的な栄養教育」の模索の為の指標として、今後に向けて役立てて行きたい

Carcinogenic effects of ionizing radiation combined with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea

The 5th Japan-France Workshop on Radiobiology and Medical Imagin