Kinerja Agribisnis Sapi Potong Rakyat di Provinsi Jawa Timur: Dampak Krisis Moneter dan Implementasi Kebijakan Otonomi Daerah

In the period of 1995 - 2002, domestic cattle agribusiness in East Java has indicated anunpleasant condition, the growth of production, consumption and trade tend to decreasearound 1.5 - 4.7 percent a year. Meanwhile, nominal price of feed and livestock productshave increased more than 8 percent. Although, the real prices were increasing only around0.5 - 1.4 percent a year. Economic crisis affect significantly the decreasing of thehousehold income, it has an impact in reducing of the volume of East Java cattledistribution to outer region. This condition become worse by reduction of cattle populationgrowth and competition with live cattle import and their products. In 1995-2002 and duringthe regional autonomy policy implementation process, cattle population growth hasdecreased - 1.71 and - 24.85 percent a year respectively. Generally, decreasing of cattlepopulation growth has related to reduction of cattle herd that no longer used inintensification of paddy field. Decreasing of cattle population growth during the regionalautonomy policy implementation process were caused by three reasons, such as: (1) Lackof local government ability to increase the development of breeding and fattening businessthat related to the budget and government management problems; (2) Market demand ofcattle from outer region was decreasing; and (3) The real price of breed and fattening cattlewas not attractive for farmers to carry on in their business. Based on those problemsabove, in order to develop domestic cattle agribusiness, it is necessary to develop: (1) Thepolicy which able to consolidate the central, province, and district government inimplementing integration programs; (2) Reducing market distortion policies; (3) Provideprotection and special treatment for small scale farmers to face global trade liberalization;and (4) Institutional reform of domestic cattle agribusiness

Pola Pengembangan Kelembagaan UPJA Untuk Menunjang Sistem Usaha Tani Padi Yang Berdaya Saing

Untuk mempercepat adopsi alsin pertanian oleh petani, pemerintah mengembangkan Usaha Pelayanan Jasa Alsin Pertanian (UPJA). UPJA sudah ada, namun kelembagaannya belum berjalan sebagaimana yang diharapkan. Tulisan ini mencoba memberikan alternatif pengembangan kelembagaan UPJA yang dapat memberikan manfaat berupa efisiensi dan dayasaing yang lebih baik dari USAhatani padi sawah di perdesaan. Permasalahan pengembangan UPJA terletak pada kelembagaan/organisasi dan dalam kaitannya dengan kelembagaan ekonomi perdesaan lainnya seperti kelembagaan finansial. Permasalahan tersebut antara lain adalah : kelembagaan UPJA belum diarahkan untuk menghasilkan produk berdaya saing tinggi, belum didukung oleh jaringan permodalan, peningkatan kemampuan manajerial, serta sarana dan infrastruktur perdesaan. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut beberapa alternatif kebijakan dapat dilakukan, yaitu : (1) Kelembagaan UPJA perlu diintegrasikan dengan pengembangan kelembagaan perekonomian desa lainnya; (2) Jasa pelayanan alsin harus difokuskan pada pengembangan produk pertanian dalam arti luas; dan (3) Kelembagaan UPJA harus diintegrasikan dengan percepatan dan penguatan agro-industrialisasi di perdesaan

Pola Distribusi Komoditas Kentang Di Kabupaten Bandung, Jawa Barat

The study was conducted in Bandung District, West Java on 2005. Primary data were collected through interview with potato's farmers (who grow Granola variety and Atlantic variety) and potato's trader. Method of analysis is quantitative and qualitative analysis. The results of the study are as follow: (1) There are two kinds of marketing pattern of potato in West Java: (a) Marketing pattern of Granola variety which is distributed to several market especially central market. Majority of Granola variety is for household consumption; and (b) Partnership pattern between farmer's group or farmers with PT Indofood FM for Atlantic variety. Most of this variety is used as a raw material for food processing industries; (2) Most of potato's farmers sell their product to village collectors, and potato's farmers who have large scale of potato's farm can directly sell to district traders and central market. (3) Atlantic variety were distributed through Farmer's Group to Partner Company

Pembangunan Pertanian pada Era Otonomi Daerah: Kebijakan dan Implementasi

EnglishRegional autonomy gives more authority to the regional governments, namely those regencies and municipalities, to take the initiative in designing and developing a locally specific policy. It includes in conducting agricultural development in each region. The regional authorities in policy implementation have both positive and the negative impacts on agricultural development. Most of the regional governments\u27 regulations are designed to improve regional government revenues. Most regional government officials think that agricultural development is costly, but it takes a long time to return the investment. This is why issues of importance of agriculture are less attractive to the regional policymakers, especially in supporting agricultural business and extension. The positive impacts of regional autonomy can be observed in some regional governments successfully develop regional agricultural policy but not supported through the regional regulations. IndonesianKebijakan otonomi daerah memberi kebebasan kepada daerah untuk mengambil inisiatif dalam mendesain dan mengembangkan kebijakan lokal secara spesifik. Kewenangan di bidang pertanian merupakan kewenangan yang dilimpahkan pada kabupaten/kota. Besarnya kewenangan dalam pelaksana kebijakan daerah memberikan dampak positif dan negatif terhadap pengembangan pertanian. Sebagian besar Perda dibuat dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan pendapatan Pemerintah Daerah. Pembangunan pertanian dianggap oleh sebagian birokrasi dan legislator lokal sebagai bidang yang cost-center yang membutuhkan investasi besar namun return-nya cukup lama. Hal ini yang menyebabkan mengapa isu pentingnya pembangunan pertanian kurang menarik perhatian bagi sebagian besar pembuat kebijakan daerah. Kecenderungan umum menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan pemerintah daerah kurang berpihak pada kegiatan yang terkait dengan pembangunan pertanian terutama dalam perbaikan iklim USAha dan penyuluhan. Hal ini merupakan dampak negatif kebijakan otonomi daerah terhadap sektor pertanian. Namun dampak positif dari kebijakan otda terlihat dari beberapa Pemerintah Daerah yang telah berhasil mengembangkan pertanian daerah dan mengimplementasikan beberapa kebijakan daerah yang tidak diterbitkan dalam Peraturan Daerah