Kajian Yuridis Terhadap Tindak Pidana Pembunuhan Yang Dilakukan Oleh Anak

Dalam dakwaan penuntut umum terlihat adanya keraguan dan ketidakberanian penuntut umum dalam menentukan secara pasti pasal apa yang akan diterapkan dalam dakwaannya. Ini terlihat dengan memasukkan atau melebihsubsiderkan pasal 80 ayat (3) UU No. 23 Tahun 2002 kedalam dakwaannya. Dengan telah terpenuhi secara sah menurut hukum seluruh unsur dakwaan Penuntut Umum pada dakwaan primair maka terdakwa telah terbukti secara sah dan meyakinkan melakukan tindak pidana pembunuhan berencana. Hakim menjatuhkan sanksi pidana penjara selama 7 (tujuh) tahun yang mana telah sesuai dengan ketentuan dalam Pasal 25 ayat (1) dan Pasal 26 ayat (2) Undang-Undang No.3 Tahun 1997. Hakim telah mempertimbangan fakta-fakta hukum yang didapat dalam persidangan dan latar belakang terdakwa agar terpenuhinya rasa keadilan bagi masyarakat dan terdakwa itu sendiri sebagai akibat dari keseriusan tindak pidana yang dilakukannya. Selain itu hakim telah memperhatikan ketentuan-ketentuan dalam Pasal 1 ayat (1) dan (2), Pasal 25 ayat (1), Pasal 26 ayat (2), Pasal 59 ayat (2) Undang-Undang No.3 Tahun 1997, ketentuan dalam Pasal 2 Undang-undang Nomor 23 tahun 2002, ketentuan-ketentuan dalam KUHAP, serta peraturan lain yang berhubungan dengan perkara terdakwa. Kata Kunci : Kenakalan Anak, Penerapan Hukum, Pertimbangan Haki

Representational predicaments at three Hong Kong sites

Representational predicaments arise when a job incumbent believes that attributions and images assumed by dominant authorities unfavourably ignore, or disproportionately and unfavourably emphasize, aspects of the incumbent\u27s own work and social identity. This is likely to happen when the incumbent does not have a close relationship with a dominant authority, and when power asymmetries give the former relatively little control over which aspects of their work and social identity are made visible or invisible to the latter. We draw on critical incident interviews from three organizations to illustrate a typology of six types of representational predicament: invasive spotlighting, idiosyncratic spotlighting, embedded background work, paradoxical social visibility, standardization of work processes, and standardization of work outputs. We analyse responses to representational predicaments according to whether they entailed exit, voice, loyalty, or neglect. Incumbents tended to respond with loyalty if they felt able and willing to accommodate their work behaviour and/or social identity to the dominant representations, and if there were sufficient compensatory factors, such as intrinsic rewards from the work or solidarity with colleagues. Exit or neglect appeared to reflect the belief that it was impossible to accommodate. Power asymmetries appeared to deter voice. Individual employees with a close and cordial working relationship with a member of a dominant authority group, or who were relationally networked to one, appeared not to experience representational predicaments

The social problems of an industrial civilization

xvi, 148 p.; 22 cm