The Facebook Algorithm's Active Role in Climate Advertisement Delivery

Communication strongly influences attitudes on climate change. Within sponsored communication, high spend and high reach advertising dominates. In the advertising ecosystem we can distinguish actors with adversarial stances: organizations with contrarian or advocacy communication goals, who direct the advertisement delivery algorithm to launch ads in different destinations by specifying targets and campaign objectives. We present an observational (N=275,632) and a controlled (N=650) study which collectively indicate that the advertising delivery algorithm could itself be an actor, asserting statistically significant influence over advertisement destinations, characterized by U.S. state, gender type, or age range. This algorithmic behaviour may not entirely be understood by the advertising platform (and its creators). These findings have implications for climate communications and misinformation research, revealing that targeting intentions are not always fulfilled as requested and that delivery itself could be manipulated

Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Tema 4 Menggunakan Model Open Ended Problems Berbantuan Media Permainan Pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan guru dalam mengajar dan meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa yang meliputi aspek pengetahuan dan aspek keterampilan siswa kelas IV SD 1 Mijen Kudus dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran Open Ended Problems berbantuan media permainan Ludo. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang berlangsung selama dua siklus dengan setiap siklus terdiri 4 tahap yakni perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Hasil belajar aspek pengetahuan muatan IPS siklus I memperoleh rata-rata 73,19 dengan ketuntasan klasikal 58,33% dan muatan Bahasa Indonesia dengan rata-rata 75,41 dengan ketuntasan klasikal 55,5%. Pada siklus II meningkat untuk muatan IPS memperoleh rata-rata 78,61 dengan ketuntasan klasikal 83,3% dan muatan Bahasa Indonesia dengan rata-rata 86,94 dengan ketuntasan klasikal 86,1%. Hasil belajar ranah keterampilan siklus I memperoleh persentase 52,7% dan meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 91,6%. Keterampilan mengajar guru pada siklus I memperoleh persentase 87,5% dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 94%. Berdasarkan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dengan menerapkan model Open Ended Problems berbantuan permainan Ludo dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas IV SD 1 Mijen Kudus pada Tema 4 Berbagai Pekerjaan

Detecting tax evasion: a co-evolutionary approach

We present an algorithm that can anticipate tax evasion by modeling the co-evolution of tax schemes with auditing policies. Malicious tax non-compliance, or evasion, accounts for billions of lost revenue each year. Unfortunately when tax administrators change the tax laws or auditing procedures to eliminate known fraudulent schemes another potentially more profitable scheme takes it place. Modeling both the tax schemes and auditing policies within a single framework can therefore provide major advantages. In particular we can explore the likely forms of tax schemes in response to changes in audit policies. This can serve as an early warning system to help focus enforcement efforts. In addition, the audit policies can be fine tuned to help improve tax scheme detection. We demonstrate our approach using the iBOB tax scheme and show it can capture the co-evolution between tax evasion and audit policy. Our experiments shows the expected oscillatory behavior of a biological co-evolving system