Teaching Self-Control Procedures to Learning Disabled Youths

This research was published by the KU Center for Research on Learning, formerly known as the University of Kansas Institute for Research in Learning Disabilities.This study developed and evaluated a self-instructional booklet that teaches adolescents to change their behaviors with minimal intervention from other individuals. The subjects, to varying degrees, learned the principles of self-control and applied the principles to their own behaviors. The application of the sett-control procedures produced inconsistent results both within and across subjects

(2S, 4R)-4-[18F]Fluoroglutamine for In vivo PET Imaging of Glioma Xenografts in Mice: an Evaluation of Multiple Pharmacokinetic Models

Purpose: The glutamine analogue (2S, 4R)-4-[18F]fluoroglutamine ([18F]FGln) was investigated tofurther characterize its pharmacokinetics and acquire in vivo positron emission tomography (PET)images of separate orthotopic and subcutaneous glioma xenografts in mice.Procedures: [18F]FGln was synthesized at a high radiochemical purity as analyzed by high-performanceliquid chromatography. An orthotopic model was created by injecting luciferase-expressingpatient-derived BT3 glioma cells into the right hemisphere of BALB/cOlaHsd-Foxn1nu mousebrains (tumor growth monitored via in vivo bioluminescence), the subcutaneous model by injecting ratBT4C glioma cells into the flank and neck regions of Foxn1nu/nu mice. Dynamic PET images wereacquired after injecting 10–12 MBq of the tracer into mouse tail veins. Animals were sacrificed 63 minafter tracer injection, and ex vivo biodistributions were measured. Tumors and whole brains (with tumors)were cryosectioned, autoradiographed, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. All images were analyzedwith CARIMAS software. Blood sampling of 6 Foxn1nu/nu and 6 C57BL/6J mice was performed after 9–14 MBq of tracer was injected at time points between 5 and 60 min then assayed for erythrocyte uptake,plasma protein binding, and plasma parent-fraction of radioactivity to correct PET image-derived whole-bloodradioactivity and apply the data to multiple pharmacokinetic models.Results: Orthotopic human glioma xenografts displayed PET image tumor-to-healthy brain region ratioof 3.6 and 4.8 while subcutaneously xenografted BT4C gliomas displayed (n = 12) a tumor-to-muscle(flank) ratio of 1.9 ± 0.7 (range 1.3–3.4). Using PET image-derived blood radioactivity corrected bypopulation-based stability analyses, tumor uptake pharmacokinetics fit Logan and Yokoi modeling forreversible uptake.Conclusions: The results reinforce that [18F]FGln has preferential uptake in glioma tissue versusthat of corresponding healthy tissue and fits well with reversible uptake models.</p

Morphology‐Dependent Magnetic Properties in Shallow‐Water Ferromanganese Concretions

Ferromanganese concretions commonly occur in shallow-water coastal regions worldwide. In the Baltic Sea, they can record information about past and present underwater environments and could be a potential source for critical raw materials. We report on their microstructural characteristics and magnetic properties and link them to their formation mechanisms and environmental significance. Microstructural investigations from nano- and micro-computed tomography, electron microscopy, and micro-X-ray fluorescence elemental mapping reveal diverse growth patterns within concretions of different morphologies. Alternating Fe- and Mn-rich growth bands indicate fluctuating redox conditions during formation. Bullet-shaped magnetofossils, produced by magnetotactic bacteria, are present, which suggests the influence of bacterial activity on concretion formation. Spheroidal concretions, which occur in deeper and more tranquil environments, have enhanced microbial biomineralization and magnetofossil preservation. Conversely, crusts and discoidal concretions from shallower and more energetic environments contain fewer magnetofossils and have a greater detrital content. Our results provide insights into concretion formation mechanisms and highlight the importance of diagenetic processes, oxygen availability, and bacterial activity in the Baltic Sea.peerReviewe

Colimits, Stanley-Reisner Algebras, and Loop Spaces

We study diagrams associated with a finite simplicial complex K, in various algebraic and topological categories. We relate their colimits to familiar structures in algebra, combinatorics, geometry and topology. These include: right-angled Artin and Coxeter groups (and their complex analogues, which we call circulation groups); Stanley-Reisner algebras and coalgebras; Davis and Januszkiewicz’s spaces DJ(K) associated with toric manifolds and their generalisations; and coordinate subspace arrangements. When K is a flag complex, we extend well-known results on Artin and Coxeter groups by confirming that the relevant circulation group is homotopy equivalent to the space of loops ΩDJ(K). We define homotopy colimits for diagrams of topological monoids and topological groups, and show they commute with the formation of classifying spaces in a suitably generalised sense. We deduce that the homotopy colimit of the appropriate diagram of topological groups is a model for ΩDJ(K) for an arbitrary complex K, and that the natural projection onto the original colimit is a homotopy equivalence when K is flag. In this case, the two models are compatible