Applying the hydrodistillation process to <i>Pentadiplandra brazzeana</i> Baill. root: a chemical assessment

<p>A chemical study of the volatile components obtained by applying the hydrodistillation and reflux processes to <i>Pentadiplandra brazzeana</i> roots was performed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The hydrodistillation process showed a total yield of 0.97% with 0.11% of essential oil and 0.86% of volatile compounds from the aqueous reaction medium; in the reflux process, the volatile extract yield was 1.03%. Benzylic-type isothiocyanates were the major degradation products of glucosinolates in the essential oil (95.0%); the CH₂Cl₂ extracts obtained from the aqueous solutions were characterised by alcohols and amines in both processes. This study has shown that during hydrodistillation, only 10% of the glucosinolate degradation products are recovered in the essential oil whereas 90% remain in the aqueous medium, being converted into alcohols and amines. The relative percentages of the different chemical classes recovered in our experimental conditions are discussed in relation with the glucosinolate composition in the raw material.</p

Secondary metabolites from <i>Triclisia gilletii</i> (De Wild) Staner (Menispermaceae) with antimycobacterial activity against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>

<p>Triclisinone (<b>2</b>), a new ochnaflavone derivative, was isolated from the aerial parts of <i>Triclisia gilletii</i>, along with known drypemolundein B (<b>1</b>) and eight other known compounds. The chemical shifts of drypemolundein B (<b>1</b>) have been partially revised based on reinterpretation of NMR spectroscopic data. The eight other secondary metabolites are composed of: (+)-nonacosan-10-ol (<b>3</b>); stigmasterol (<b>4</b>), 3-<i>O</i>-β-D-glucopyranosylsitosterol (<b>5</b>), 3-<i>O</i>-β-D-glucopyranosylstigmasterol (<b>6</b>); oleanic acid (<b>7</b>); myricetin (<b>8</b>), quercetin (<b>9</b>) and 3-methoxyquercetin (<b>10</b>). Their structures were elucidated using IR, MS, NMR 1D and 2D, ¹H and ¹³C and comparison with literature data. Furthermore, compounds <b>1</b>, <b>2</b>, <b>5, 6, 8, 9</b> and the crude extract were tested against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>. Compounds <b>1, 2, 8</b> and <b>9</b> displayed moderate to very good activity against resistant strain (codified AC 45) of <i>M. tuberculosis</i> with minimum inhibitory concentrations MICs ranging from 3.90 to 62.5 μg/mL<i>.</i></p