Notes on the D=11D=11 pure spinor superparticle

The $D=11$ pure spinor superparticle has been shown to describe linearized $D=11$ supergravity in a manifestly covariant way. A number of authors have proposed that its correlation functions be used to compute amplitudes. The use of the scalar structure of the eleven-dimensional pure spinor top cohomology introduces a natural measure for computing such correlation functions. This prescription requires the construction of ghost number one and zero vertex operators. In these notes, we construct explicitly a ghost number one vertex operator but show the incompatibiliy of a ghost number zero vertex operator satisfying a standard descent equation for $D=11$ supergravity.Comment: 13 page

Extended Infusion of Dexmedetomidine to an Infant at Sixty Times the Intended Rate

Dexmedetomidine is an α2 adrenergic agonist which has recently been approved in the United States for procedural sedation in adults. This report describes an infant who inadvertently received an intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine at a rate which was 60 times greater than intended. We describe the hemodynamic, respiratory, and sedative effects of this overdose

Dedication of the Palomar Observatory and the Hale Telescope

The dedication of the Palomar Observatory, if it were being held in England, would be accompanied by brilliant pageantry both of the state, with its knights, heralds, pursuivants, kings at arms, admirals and captains, and of the church with its bishops, priests and deacons, crucifiers and choirs; and I am sure that we feel the quality of religion in this ceremony. We would hear the choirs chanting in antiphony that great canticle which so delights the choir boys: Benedicite, omnia opera Domini

A generalized study of the breeding potential of large heavy water moderated power reactors fueled with thoria and urania

"January 1967.""MIT-2073-5."Also issued as a Ph. D. thesis by the first author and supervised by the second and third authors, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 1966Includes bibliographical references (pages 324-328)U.S. Atomic Energy Commission contract AT(30-1)-207

Heavy rainfall in Paraguay during the 2015/16 austral summer: causes and subseasonal-to-seasonal predictive skill

During the austral summer 2015/16, severe flooding displaced over 170 000 people on the Paraguay River system in Paraguay, Argentina, and southern Brazil. These floods were driven by repeated heavy rainfall events in the lower Paraguay River basin. Alternating sequences of enhanced moisture inflow from the South American low-level jet and local convergence associated with baroclinic systems were conducive to mesoscale convective activity and enhanced precipitation. These circulation patterns were favored by cross-time-scale interactions of a very strong El Niño event, an unusually persistent Madden–Julian oscillation in phases 4 and 5, and the presence of a dipole SST anomaly in the central southern Atlantic Ocean. The simultaneous use of seasonal and subseasonal heavy rainfall predictions could have provided decision-makers with useful information about the start of these flooding events from two to four weeks in advance. Probabilistic seasonal forecasts available at the beginning of November successfully indicated heightened probability of heavy rainfall (90th percentile) over southern Paraguay and Brazil for December–February. Raw subseasonal forecasts of heavy rainfall exhibited limited skill at lead times beyond the first two predicted weeks, but a model output statistics approach involving principal component regression substantially improved the spatial distribution of skill for week 3 relative to other methods tested, including extended logistic regressions. A continuous monitoring of climate drivers impacting rainfall in the region, and the use of statistically corrected heavy precipitation seasonal and subseasonal forecasts, may help improve flood preparedness in this and other regions

The Evolution of the Lyman-Alpha Luminosity Function During Reionization

The time frame in which hydrogen reionization occurred is highly uncertain, but can be constrained by observations of Lyman-alpha (Ly$\alpha$) emission from distant sources. Neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium (IGM) attenuates Ly$\alpha$~photons emitted by galaxies. As reionization progressed the IGM opacity decreased, increasing Ly$\alpha$~visibility. The galaxy Ly$\alpha$~luminosity function (LF) is thus a useful tool to constrain the timeline of reionization. In this work, we model the Ly$\alpha$~LF as a function of redshift, $z=5-10$, and average IGM neutral hydrogen fraction, \overline{x}_\textsc{hi}. We combine the Ly$\alpha$~luminosity probability distribution obtained from inhomogeneous reionization simulations with a model for the UV LF to model the Ly$\alpha$~LF. As the neutral fraction increases, the average number density of Ly$\alpha$~emitting galaxies decreases, and are less luminous, though for \overline{x}_\textsc{hi} \lesssim 0.4 there is only a small decrease of the Ly$\alpha$~LF. We use our model to infer the IGM neutral fraction at $z=6.6, 7.0, 7.3$ from observed Ly$\alpha$~LFs. We conclude that there is a significant increase in the neutral fraction with increasing redshift: \overline{x}_\textsc{hi}(z=6.6)=0.08^{+ 0.08}_{- 0.05}, \, \overline{x}_\textsc{hi}(z=7.0)=0.28 \pm 0.05 and \overline{x}_\textsc{hi}(z=7.3)=0.83^{+ 0.06}_{- 0.07}. We predict trends in the Ly$\alpha$~luminosity density and Schechter parameters as a function of redshift and the neutral fraction. We find that the Ly$\alpha$~luminosity density decreases as the universe becomes more neutral. Furthermore, as the neutral fraction increases, the faint-end slope of the Ly$\alpha$~LF steepens, and the characteristic Ly$\alpha$~luminosity shifts to lower values, concluding that the evolving shape of the Ly$\alpha$~LF -- not just its integral -- is an important tool to study reionization.Comment: 20 pages, 10 figures, submitted to Ap

Extended Infusion of Dexmedetomidine to an Infant at Sixty Times the Intended Rate

Dexmedetomidine is an α2 adrenergic agonist which has recently been approved in the United States for procedural sedation in adults. This report describes an infant who inadvertently received an intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine at a rate which was 60 times greater than intended. We describe the hemodynamic, respiratory, and sedative effects of this overdose

The Evolution of the Lyman-alpha Luminosity Function during Reionization

The time frame in which hydrogen reionization occurred is highly uncertain, but can be constrained by observations of Lyman-alpha (Lya) emission from distant sources. Neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium (IGM) attenuates Lya photons emitted by galaxies. As reionization progressed the IGM opacity decreased, increasing Lya visibility. The galaxy Lya luminosity function (LF) is thus a useful tool to constrain the timeline of reionization. In this work, we model the Lya LF as a function of redshift, z = 5 10, and average IGM neutral hydrogen fraction, xH?. We combine the Lya luminosity probability distribution obtained from inhomogeneous reionization simulations with a model for the UV LF to model the Lya LF. As the neutral fraction increases, the average number density of Lya emitting galaxies decreases, and are less luminous, though for xH? ? 0.4 there is only a small decrease in the Lya LF. We use our model to infer the IGM neutral fraction at z = 6.6, 7.0, and 7.3 from observed Lya LFs. We conclude that there is a significant increase in the neutral fraction with increasing redshift: = = - = = ? x z 6.6 0.08+ , x z 7.0 0.28 0.05 H 0.05 0.08 ? ( ) H? ( ) and = = - x z 7.3 0.83+ H 0.07 0.06 ? ( ) . We predict trends in the Lya luminosity density and Schechter parameters as a function of redshift and the neutral fraction. We find that the Lya luminosity density decreases as the universe becomes more neutral. Furthermore, as the neutral fraction increases, the faint-end slope of the Lya LF steepens, and the characteristic Lya luminosity shifts to lower values; hence, we conclude that the evolving shape of the Lya LF not just its integral is an important tool to study reionization