Bridging the divide : embedding voice-leading analysis in string pedagogy and performance.

Experience as a music lecturer in higher/further education and as an instrumental teacher suggests that instrumental pedagogy – focused on strings – and music analysis could usefully be brought closer together to enhance performance. The benefits of linkage include stimulating intellectual enquiry and creative interpretation, as well as honing improvisatory skills; voice-leading analysis, particularly, may even aid technical issues of pitching, fingering, shifting and bowing. This article details an experimental curriculum, entitled ‘Voice-leading for Strings’, which combines voice-leading principles with approaches to string teaching developed from Nelson, Rolland and Suzuki, supplemented by Kodály's hand-signs. Findings from informal trials at Lancaster University (1995–7), which also adapted material for other melody instruments and keyboard, strongly support this perceived symbiotic relationship

"Hushed to a whisper" : of veiled device and strained connection in Francis Coppola's The conversation : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Media Studies at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

This thesis is an analysis of The Conversation, a film directed by Francis Coppola and released by Paramount Pictures in 1974. The central theme underpinning this study is that a pattern of "unnatural connections" is evident both in and within the text itself and in the sphere of critical judgements contributing to issues of potential audience responses. The notion of "unnatural connection" is discussed in relation to the following terms, each crucial to a complete understanding of the text: authorial intentionality, in particular the relationship to creative collaboration, questions of mode and genre, tragedy and technology, issues of detection, and dilemmas of the existential. The thesis concludes with a speculative commentary on notions of disorientation, disciplinary apparatus, inversion, and spectator positioning

Morphology of the Te Tumu Cut Under the Potential Re-diversion of the Kaituna River

Following the diversion of the Kaituna River from Maketū Estuary, out to sea at Te Tumu in 1956, the local community has continually voiced concerns over the estuary’s increased sedimentation rates and decreasing ecological health. These concerns led to the partial re-opening of Fords Cut in 1996. However, this has only resulted in a slight improvement in water quality, and no measurable reduction in sedimentation. The Bay of Plenty Regional Council is currently investigating a number of different re-diversion options to partially or fully restore the flow of the Kaituna River into Maketū Estuary, with the aim of restoring the estuary’s health. However, a consequence of re-diversion is the possible reduction in discharge through the inlet at Te Tumu. Significantly reducing the discharge would likely cause a large amount of sedimentation in, and around the cut, which could ultimately lead to the closure of the channel. In order to predict the geomorphic response to the proposed options of lowering the Ford’s Cut Culverts to RL -1.6 m (Option J), or reopening Papahikahawai Channel (Option N) a coupled 2-dimensional, wave, hydrodynamic and sediment transport model was developed. Despite being unable to calibrate the hydrodynamic model due to the highly variable nature of the ADCP data collected, the coupled model was entirely calibrated through the sediment transport model. Comparisons between five transects extracted from a survey conducted in 2008 and from the model results of a simulation run over the same time period, showed predicted bed levels to match on average within 0.35 m. Bed levels inside the river were predicted almost exactly, however, the error increased over the ebb delta, although, the same overall shape was still recreated. Through simulations of average and low river flows, and average and twice the average wave height conditions the morphological response of the Te Tumu Cut to various potential re-diversion options were found. Simulations of Option J showed that the majority of increased water entering the estuary through Ford’s Cut occurred during the incoming tide. This therefore increased the flood tidal volume and sediment transport capacity entering the cut, and caused the ebb channel to become shorter by approximately 20 metres. Similarly, reopening Papahikahawai Channel with one-way flapgated culverts caused an increase in the flood tidal volume entering the Cut. However, unlike Option J there was no corresponding increase in sedimentation around the river mouth. This was attributed to dredging required to install the flapgates, resulting in a loss of sediment from the system and the inlet not yet reaching a new equilibrium. When Papahikahawai Channel is reopened without flapgated culverts both the peak flood tidal discharge and peak ebb discharge increased. The increased ebb flows resulted in a small increase in size of the ebb channel through the delta, with the increase in size varying between the different river flow and wave condition simulations. The effect of adding parallel twin jetty structures to the Te Tumu Cut was also assessed at a preliminary level. Model simulations showed jetties spaced either 45 or 35 metres apart would aid in increasing the navigability through the river mouth. The 35 metre spaced jetties produced a more uniform and deeper channel compared to the 45 metre spaced option. However, further investigation is required to determine the ideal jetty configuration and long term effects on the surrounding coastlines

Liability of Banks Issuing Letter of Credit When Good Fail to Comply with Documentary Description

The decision of the United States Circuit Court of Appeals (Ninth Circuit) in the case of Contmnental Natwnal Bank v. National City Bank has reopened the question which received much attention in the legal and commercial periodicals following the writing of the opinions in O\u27Meara v. National Park Bank and Laudisi v. American Exchange Bank as to the liability of the issuing bank when the goods do not measure up to the description contained in the documents accompanying the draft drawn under the letter of credit. It seems that the problem can be best understood by examining the various situations which may arise under a letter of credit, proceeding from the simple to the more complex

Studies in cholesterol metabolism in the animal body

1. Experiments are described whose results indicate that the half-life of serum ¹⁴C-labelled cholesterol in the rat was decreased when the animals had been pre-fed a diet containing unsaturated fat. 2. In most of these experiments there was also an indication that the rate of biosynthesis of cholesterol from acetate was increased when the animals had been pre-fed such a diet. 3. A proposed explanation for these phenomena is that unsaturated fatty acids may combine with cholesterol to form esters which are metabolized more readily than are esters formed with other fatty acids. 4. The isolation of a new Lifschútz chromogen is described. The material was present in human serum and leucocytes and in rat serum, skin and liver. It was shown to be identical with the 3ß-oleyl and linoleyl esters of 7α-hydroxycholesterol. 5. The chemical synthesis of a series of 3ß-acyl esters of 7α-hydroxycholesterol is described in detail, as previously a method has been reported only for the acetyl ester. The physical and chromatographic properties of the esters are tabulated. 6. The synthetic esters were used as substrates for enzymic experiments. The results of these experiments show that the cholesterol esterase system of pancreas was effective for both the hydrolysis and synthesis of the esters, and that of liver for hydrolysis only. 7. The esters were efficiently metabolized to bile acids in vitro. 8. Attempts to produce the synthetic esters either by enzymic oxidation or by autoxidatio of cholesteryl esters were not successful. 9. A description is given of the curious changes undergone by the esters on exposure to ultraviolet light. The resultant changes in structure are discussed. 10. A possible Ale for the naturally occurring esters is suggested, whereby they may form an alternative pathway in the production of bile acids from cholesterol. 11. A hypothesis is described in which it is proposed that the preferential oxidation of certain cholesteryl esters to form esters of 7α-hydroxycholesterol may explain the effect of unsaturated fatty acids on cholesterol turnover

Mortgage Moratoria Legislation—Deficiency Judgments

In every serious financial period in the history of this country, there has been a legislative recognition of the imperative need for reliefs for the debtor class. Roughly, the relief afforded can be placed in four classifications

Physiology, Defecation

Defecation is the term given for the act of expelling feces from the digestive tract via the anus. It is a complex function that requires coordinated involvement from the gastrointestinal system, the nervous system, as well as the musculoskeletal system.[1]  The frequency of defecation within a 24-hour period varies depending on age and diet, but most people tend to have a bowel movement 1 to 3 times daily.[2