Comparative Study of New and Traditional Estimators of a New Lifetime Model

In this article, we have studied the behavior of estimators of parameter of a new lifetime model, suggested by Maurya et al. (2016), obtained by using methods of moments, maximum likelihood, maximum product spacing, least squares, weighted least squares, percentile, Cramer-von-Mises, Anderson-Darling and Right-tailed Anderson-Darling. Comparison of the estimators has been done on the basis of their mean square errors, biases, absolute and maximum absolute differences between empirical and estimated distribution function and a newly proposed criterion. We have also obtained the asymptomatic confidence interval and associated coverage probability for the parameter

EPASAD: Ellipsoid decision boundary based Process-Aware Stealthy Attack Detector

Due to the importance of Critical Infrastructure (CI) in a nation's economy, they have been lucrative targets for cyber attackers. These critical infrastructures are usually Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) such as power grids, water, and sewage treatment facilities, oil and gas pipelines, etc. In recent times, these systems have suffered from cyber attacks numerous times. Researchers have been developing cyber security solutions for CIs to avoid lasting damages. According to standard frameworks, cyber security based on identification, protection, detection, response, and recovery are at the core of these research. Detection of an ongoing attack that escapes standard protection such as firewall, anti-virus, and host/network intrusion detection has gained importance as such attacks eventually affect the physical dynamics of the system. Therefore, anomaly detection in physical dynamics proves an effective means to implement defense-in-depth. PASAD is one example of anomaly detection in the sensor/actuator data, representing such systems' physical dynamics. We present EPASAD, which improves the detection technique used in PASAD to detect these micro-stealthy attacks, as our experiments show that PASAD's spherical boundary-based detection fails to detect. Our method EPASAD overcomes this by using Ellipsoid boundaries, thereby tightening the boundaries in various dimensions, whereas a spherical boundary treats all dimensions equally. We validate EPASAD using the dataset produced by the TE-process simulator and the C-town datasets. The results show that EPASAD improves PASAD's average recall by 5.8% and 9.5% for the two datasets, respectively.Comment: Submitte

A New Right-Skewed Upside Down Bathtub Shaped Heavy-tailed Distribution and its Applications

A one parameter right skewed, upside down bathtub type, heavy-tailed distribution is derived. Various statistical properties and maximum likelihood approaches for estimation purpose are studied. Five different real data sets with four different models are considered to illustrate the suitability of the proposed model

A cross sectional study to evaluate indications and outcomes of caesarean section in a district hospital of West Bengal

Background: There is drastic rise in caesarean section (CS) rate worldwide in last decade as compared to optimal CS rate (10-15%) recommendation by WHO. This study was conducted to assess incidence and feto-maternal outcome in CS delivery.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in pregnant women admitted over one year from September 2017- August 2018 in West Bengal. Demographic details and indication of CS were recorded along with documentation of feto-maternal outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed with help of Epi Info (TM) 7.2.2.2. Z-test and corrected Chi square (χ2) test. p<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: Out of total 10831 deliveries, 2914 (27%) women underwent CS. Demographic analysis shows maximum number of patients to be between 20-25years (51.7%), rural (58%), primigravida (51.3%), term pregnancy (87.7%). Non-progression of labour or NPL (45%) was most common indication of CS followed by previous CS (26.2%) and fetal distress (17.9%). Post CS wound infection was seen in 33 (1.1%) women. Two maternal deaths were recorded. Still born was documented in 0.8% while 6.8% fetus were referred to paediatric ICU.Conclusions: Rise in CS rates was mainly reported in 20-25 years age group, rural patients, in term pregnancy of primigravida patients. Most common indication for CS was NPL followed by previous CS and fetal distress. Mostly patients showed no complication in postpartum period. Only few patients had wound infection, hysterectomy and post-partum haemorrhage. More than 99% fetus survived without any complications.

Potentials of plant derived products for the treatment of skin disorders

The skin is the body's largest organ. The epidermis and dermis make up the skin, and their primary purpose is to defend the body from adverse environmental factors like chemicals, allergens, toxins, and bacteria. Many different types of natural products have shown promise in the treatment of skin disorders. Multiple synthetic chemicals and environmental pollution have an impact on modern human existence. Therefore, nature has provided several essential ingredients for boosting skin health and shielding skin from environmental damage. The most significant in vivo and in vitro studies on the use of different natural products in inflammatory, cancerous, and skin infection disorders and their mechanisms of action were summarised in this review. The study also highlights the potential photoprotective effects of numerous herbal ingredients. Sunburn is caused primarily by the sun's ultraviolet rays, which can also cause cancer of the skin. Herbal ingredients with sunblocking properties can prevent the penetration of harmful ultraviolet radiation. Compared to their synthetic counterparts, herbal remedies have fewer adverse effects and are just as effective in treating chronic conditions. Flavonoids, polyphenols, carotenoids (Lycopene, carotene), and phenolic acids found in herbs rich in vitamins (A, C, and E) have antioxidant properties that increase photoprotection

Rapid formation of nanostructures in Au films using a CO₂ laser

We systematically investigate the formation of nanostructures in magnetron-sputtered Au films using a CO₂ laser. By comparing the optical properties and surface morphologies of Au films on different kinds of substrates before and after laser irradiation with different laser powers and irradiation times, we find that the nanostructures are most rapidly formed in the Au film with 5 nm thickness on a thin glass substrate. With the laser power of 6 W and a beam diameter of ∼10 mm at the Au film, only a few tens of seconds of irradiation time is sufficient to induce nanostructures with the area size of ∼10 mm in the 5 nm Au film on a thin glass substrate

Shape memory textiles for smart compression management for chronic venous disorders – A review

In conventional compression treatment using bandage or stocking, always there has been a problem of achieving and maintaining the recommended compression gradient and level. In addition, these devices are incapable of offering dynamic (massaging) compression, often preferred especially for senior and non-active patients to improve blood flow. To overcome these challenges, the application of shape memory materials is proven to provide a dynamic or selective pressure change directly on the limb. Memory material-based stockings or bandage have the potential to tackle the drawbacks of existing stockings by allowing users to modify pressure levels externally as needed during compression therapy, i.e. as a smart wound care device. This paper reports the consolidated information on traditional compression systems, their challenges, and modern methods involving active compression bandages based on smart materials technology (via shape memory polymer or shape memory alloy), which develop intermittent active pressure to alleviate the symptoms of lower limb problems

Shape memory textiles for smart compression management for chronic venous disorders – A review

131-145In conventional compression treatment using bandage or stocking, always there has been a problem of achieving and maintaining the recommended compression gradient and level. In addition, these devices are incapable of offering dynamic (massaging) compression, often preferred especially for senior and non-active patients to improve blood flow. To overcome these challenges, the application of shape memory materials is proven to provide a dynamic or selective pressure change directly on the limb. Memory material-based stockings or bandage have the potential to tackle the drawbacks of existing stockings by allowing users to modify pressure levels externally as needed during compression therapy, i.e. as a smart wound care device. This paper reports the consolidated information on traditional compression systems, their challenges, and modern methods involving active compression bandages based on smart materials technology (via shape memory polymer or shape memory alloy), which develop intermittent active pressure to alleviate the symptoms of lower limb problems

Influence of growth temperature on structural and optical properties of laser MBE grown epitaxial thin GaN films on a-plane sapphire

Epitaxial thin GaN films (similar to 60 nm) have been grown on a-plane sapphire substrates at different growth temperatures (500-700 degrees C) using laser molecular beam epitaxy (LMBE). The effect of growth temperatures on the structural and optical properties of GaN layers grown on low temperature (LT) GaN buffer on prenitridated a-sapphire have been studied systematically. The in situ reflection high energy electron diffraction pattern revealed the three-dimensional epitaxial growth of GaN films on a-sapphire under the adopted growth conditions. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) value of x-ray rocking curves (XRCs) along GaN (0002) and (10-12) planes decreases with increasing growth temperature. The FWHM values of (0002) and (10-12) XRC for the 700 degrees C grown GaN film are 1.09 degrees and 1.08 degrees, respectively. Atomic force microscopy characterization showed that the grain size of GaN increases from 30-60 to 70-125 nm with the increase in growth temperature as GaN coalescence time is shorter at high temperature. The refractive index value for the dense GaN film grown at 600 degrees C is obtained to be similar to 2.19 at the wavelength of 632 nm as deduced by spectroscopic ellipsometry. Photoluminescence spectroscopy confirmed that the epitaxial GaN layers grown on a-sapphire at 600-700 degrees C possess near band edge emission at similar to 3.39 eV, close to bulk GaN. The GaN growth at 700 degrees C without a buffer still produced films with better crystalline and optical properties, but their surface morphology and coverage were inferior to those of the films grown with LT buffer. The results show that the growth temperature strongly influences the structural and optical quality of LMBE grown epitaxial GaN thin films on a-plane sapphire, and a growth temperature of >600 degrees C is necessary to achieve good quality GaN films. Published by the AVS