Feed withdrawal periods in the quality of broilers meat raised in the conventional system

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes períodos de jejum alimentar (três, seis, nove, 12, 15 e 18 horas) na perda de peso da ave viva, rendimento da carcaça quente e fria (antes e após o resfriamento no chiller). Os atributos de qualidade da carne de peito de frango criados no sistema convencional tais como cor, capacidade de retenção de água (CRA), pH, força de cisalhamento e perda por cozimento foram avaliados. Neste experimento foram utilizados frangos de corte da linhagem Ross com 46 dias de idade. Os resultados mostraram que períodos prolongados de jejum alimentar teve efeito estatístico (P<0,05) na perda de peso das aves vivas. Essa perda foi de 2,27% para três horas a 7,51% para 18 horas de jejum alimentar. A queda no rendimento da carcaça a quente começou às nove horas de jejum (P<0,05) com rendimento de 67,4% após três horas a 66,2 % após nove horas de jejum alimentar. O rendimento da carcaça resfriada diminuiu de 74,8% após três horas a 73,2% após seis horas de jejum (P<0,05). Os maiores rendimentos de carcaça foram obtidos com os frangos de corte submetidos aos períodos entre 3 e 6 horas de jejum (carcaça quente) e três horas (carcaça resfriada). Não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas (P>0,05) para o valor de L*, a* e b*, CRA, pH e perda por cozimento da carne de peito devido aos diferentes períodos de jejum alimentar. Os valores da correlação de Pearson mostraram uma correlação negativa (P<0,001) tanto entre o pH e o valor de L* quanto entre o valor de L* e a CRA nos diferentes períodos de jejum.This research was aimed at evaluating the effect of different feed withdrawal (FW) periods (3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 hours) on the live bird weight loss, dressed and chilled carcass yield (before and after of water chilling). The attributes of chilled breast meat quality of broilers raised in the conventional system were also evaluated, such as color, water holding capacity (WHC), pH, shear force and cooking loss. In this experiment, 46-day-old Ross broilers were used. The results of this study indicated that prolonged FW periods have a significant effect (P<0.05) on live broiler weight losses, from 2.27% for 3 hours FW to 7.51% for 18 hours FW. The reduction in dressed carcass yields became statistically significant after 9 hours of FW, ranging from carcass yield of 67.4% after 3hours to 66.2% after 9 hours FW. Chilled carcass yields dropped from 74.8% after 3 hours to 73.2% after 6 hours FW (P<0.05). The highest carcass yields were observed for broilers submitted to FW periods between 3 and 6 hours (dressed carcass yield) and 3 hours (chilled carcass yield). No statistical differences (P>0.05) were observed for L*, a* and b values, WHC, pH, cooking losses and pH of the breast meat submitted to different FW periods. Pearson correlation values showed a negative (P<0.001) correlation between pH and L* value, and between L* value and WHC, which varied with FW periods

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data