Cytosolic redox components regulate protein homeostasis via additional localisation in the mitochondrial intermembrane space

Oxidative protein folding is confined to the bacterial periplasm, endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Maintaining a redox balance requires the presence of reductive pathways. The major thiol-reducing pathways engage the thioredoxin and the glutaredoxin systems which are involved in removal of oxidants, protein proofreading and folding. Alterations in redox balance likely affect the flux of these redox pathways and are related to ageing and diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. Here, we first review the well-studied oxidative and reductive processes in the bacterial periplasm and the endoplasmic reticulum, and then discuss the less understood process in the mitochondrial intermembrane space, highlighting its importance for the proper function of the cell

Using a GIS for Real Estate Market Analysis: The Problem of Spatially Aggregated Data

Many databases used for real estate market analysis are not available at the address level. For example, information on employment and unemployment may be available only for labor market areas; and Census data is typically tabulated for blocks or higher levels of spatial aggregation. A Geographic Information System (GIS) associates these spatially aggregated data with the geographical center of the area. This poses special problems when we use a GIS to evaluate linkages between supply and demand. This article presents some solutions to this problem; methods that are relatively easy to implement on a GIS are emphasized. A GIS can be used to calculate a theoretical average travel distance to the population in the geographical area. We propose ways to determine when these theoretical distances are inadequate approximations; and we provide alternatives for these situations.

Iron–sulfur clusters: from metals through mitochondria biogenesis to disease

Iron–sulfur clusters are ubiquitous inorganic co-factors that contribute to a wide range of cell pathways including the maintenance of DNA integrity, regulation of gene expression and protein translation, energy production, and antiviral response. Specifically, the iron–sulfur cluster biogenesis pathways include several proteins dedicated to the maturation of apoproteins in different cell compartments. Given the complexity of the biogenesis process itself, the iron–sulfur research area constitutes a very challenging and interesting field with still many unaddressed questions. Mutations or malfunctions affecting the iron–sulfur biogenesis machinery have been linked with an increasing amount of disorders such as Friedreich’s ataxia and various cardiomyopathies. This review aims to recap the recent discoveries both in the yeast and human iron–sulfur cluster arena, covering recent discoveries from chemistry to disease

Devising a Corporate Facility Location Strategy to Maximize Shareholder Wealth

Location decisions should consider all related impacts upon a firm’s shareholder wealth. Overall, firm cost savings available at alternative locations need to be carefully examined in addition to a location’s impact on corporate sales revenues. This article reviews relevant literature, discusses recent location decision considerations for several companies and empirically tests a model seeking to measure the impact corporate relocation decisions have upon shareholder wealth. In addition, a classification and listing of corporate location considerations is put forth to supplement the anecdotal illustrations discussed herein. Together these represent a "primer" for professionals and executives involved in corporate facility location decisions.

Using Geographic Information Systems to Improve Real Estate Analysis

Geographic information systems (GIS) technology provides users with the ability to improve real estate analysis. First, we describe GIS in general and then discuss some GIS real estate applications. Next, we illustrate how GIS can be used to calculate a shortest-path algorithm that produces a location variable superior to the traditionally used straight-line distance variable. Our sample provides empirical evidence of a statistically significant relationship between residential sales prices and the additional information provided by the GIS-created variable.

Sustainable Development in Costa Rica: A Moral Geography

Sustainable development has been uncritically adopted in Costa Rica and elsewhere as a desirable ideal informing development practice. Nevertheless, critical voices outside the development establishment have questioned the efficacy of the concept to guide social change and productive practices in directions that improve the quality of life of Costa Ricans' and their relationship with the natural environment. However, their critiques lack a theoretical framework that effectively explains what it would take for such transformations to take place, and what they mean in terms of the places we inhabit, the lives we live and the values that guide our social relationships and our interactions with the natural realm. This dissertation proposes a geographic conceptualization of development that offers analytical tools to map the moral character of on-going transformations of the Costa Rican place, and to elaborate concrete development alternatives that render the conservation of nature and development practice as mutually reinforcing articulations of a national place-making project