5,219 research outputs found
Prevention of arthritis by interleukin 10-producing B cells
In this study we have shown that activation of arthritogenic splenocytes with antigen and agonistic anti-CD40 gives raise to a B cell population that produce high levels of interleukin (IL)-10 and low levels of interferon (IFN)-{gamma}. Transfer of these B cells into DBA/1-TcR-Ă-Tg mice, immunized with bovine collagen (CII) emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant inhibited T helper type 1 differentiation, prevented arthritis development, and was also effective in ameliorating established disease. IL-10 is essential for the regulatory function of this subset of B cells, as the B cells population isolated from IL-10 knockout mice failed to mediate this protective function. Furthermore, B cells isolated from arthritogenic splenocytes treated in vitro with antiâIL-10/antiâIL-10R were unable to protect recipient mice from developing arthritis. Our results suggest a new role of a subset of B cells in controlling T cell differentiation and autoimmune disorders
The Use of CBRN Weapons in Armed Conflict
The contribution deals with the use of CBRN weapons in the context of hostilities
On American Drone Strikes And (Possible) European Responsibilities: Facing The Issue Of Jurisdiction For âComplicityâ In Extraterritorial Targeted Killings
States Party to the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR) regularly
provide third States with key aid or assistance in performing extraterritorial
targeted killings through armed drones: by doing so, they can be said to engage
in conduct amounting to âcomplicityâ for the purposes of international law of
State responsibility. Strictly speaking, however, ECHR provisions do not apply
to such conduct, which cannot be included into existing models of âjurisdictionâ
as per Article 1 ECHR â namely, âspatialâ and âpersonalâ. This results in a
troublesome legal vacuum. The present article proposes an appraisal of such
conduct through the lenses of a third jurisdictional model, already acknowledged
by other human rights systems but largely ignored (or even discarded)
by the European Court of Human Rights: the so-called âimpactâ model, which
covers extraterritorial effects of territorial conduct. It will be demonstrated that
to a limited extent the ECHR case-law already resorts to such model, as in several
cases jurisdiction is believed to arise when impugned events, albeit taking
place extraterritorially, are the consequence of Stateâs conduct (thus through a
âcausationâ test) or when third Statesâ conduct can somehow be attributed to a
State Party (through an âattributionâ test). Albeit implicitly, this is an endorsement
of the âimpactâ model of jurisdiction. It is argued that the Court should
fully recognize this third model, and consequently apply it to extraterritorial
conduct amounting to âcomplicityâ in order to ensure a principled scrutiny over
States Partyâs conduct
Life Imprisonment Without Prospect of Release: Comparative Remarks from a Human-Rights Perspective
Life imprisonment without prospect of release is a penalty experiencing remarkable success today, especially in Europe. However, certain human rights bodies have recently begun to assert that this penalty runs counter the so-called âright to hopeâ, derived by way of interpretation from the right not to be subject to inhuman or degrading treatment. The purpose of the present contribution is to shed light on the potential and the limits of such trend by analyzing the case-law of universal (such as the UN system) and regional (the European system, the Inter-American system; the African system) bodies
An Only Child without âYounger Brothersâ: Contrada v. Italy (No. 3) and the Never-Ending Saga of the Relationship between Italian Courts and the ECtHR
Corte di Cassazione (Sezioni Unite Penali), 3 March 2020, No. 8544 Criminal proceedings against Stefano Genc
ANALISI TERMO-MECCANICHE DI DIAFRAMMI ENERGETICAMENTE ATTIVI
I diaframmi energeticamente attivi sono un particolare tipo di opera di sostegno allâinterno dei quali Ăš installato uno scambiatore di calore che sfrutta lâenergia geotermica del terreno. Scopo di questo lavoro Ăš stato individuare le condizioni termiche estive piĂč gravose per un diaframma durante lâesercizio dellâimpianto geotermico e, mediante analisi numeriche termo-meccaniche, studiare lâinfluenza dello scambio termico sul comportamento dellâopera di sostegno in termini di spostamenti, deformazioni e sforzi indotti nel diaframma
On type II degenerations of hyperk\"ahler manifolds
We give a simple argument to prove Nagai's conjecture for type II degenerations of compact hyperk\"ahler manifolds and cohomology classes of middle degree. Under an additional assumption, the techniques yield the conjecture in arbitrary degree. This would complete the proof of Nagai's conjecture in general, as it was proved already for type I degenerations by Koll\'ar, Laza, Sacc\`a, and Voisin and independently by Soldatenkov, while it is immediate for type III degenerations. Our arguments are close in spirit to a recent paper by Harder proving similar results for the restrictive class of good degenerations
Lagrangian fibrations
We review the theory of Lagrangian fibrations of hyperk Ìahler manifoldsas initiated by Matsushita. We also discuss more recent work of ShenâYin andHarderâLiâShenâYin. Occasionally, we give alternative arguments and comple-ment the discussion by additional observations
Star product and the general Leigh-Strassler deformation
We extend the definition of the star product introduced by Lunin and
Maldacena to study marginal deformations of N=4 SYM. The essential difference
from the latter is that instead of considering U(1)xU(1) non-R-symmetry, with
charges in a corresponding diagonal matrix, we consider two Z_3-symmetries
followed by an SU(3) transformation, with resulting off-diagonal elements. From
this procedure we obtain a more general Leigh-Strassler deformation, including
cubic terms with the same index, for specific values of the coupling constants.
We argue that the conformal property of N=4 SYM is preserved, in both beta-
(one-parameter) and gamma_{i}-deformed (three-parameters) theories, since the
deformation for each amplitude can be extracted in a prefactor. We also
conclude that the obtained amplitudes should follow the iterative structure of
MHV amplitudes found by Bern, Dixon and Smirnov.Comment: 21 pages, no figures, JHEP3, v2: references added, v3: appendix A
added, v4: clarification in section 3.
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