Southeastern Association of Law Libraries Annual Meeting

The 2009 SEAALL Annual Meeting was held in Athens Georgia, April 16-18, 2009

Sex difference and intra-operative tidal volume: Insights from the LAS VEGAS study

BACKGROUND: One key element of lung-protective ventilation is the use of a low tidal volume (VT). A sex difference in use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) has been described in critically ill ICU patients.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine whether a sex difference in use of LTVV also exists in operating room patients, and if present what factors drive this difference.DESIGN, PATIENTS AND SETTING: This is a posthoc analysis of LAS VEGAS, a 1-week worldwide observational study in adults requiring intra-operative ventilation during general anaesthesia for surgery in 146 hospitals in 29 countries.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Women and men were compared with respect to use of LTVV, defined as VT of 8 ml kg-1 or less predicted bodyweight (PBW). A VT was deemed 'default' if the set VT was a round number. A mediation analysis assessed which factors may explain the sex difference in use of LTVV during intra-operative ventilation.RESULTS: This analysis includes 9864 patients, of whom 5425 (55%) were women. A default VT was often set, both in women and men; mode VT was 500 ml. Median [IQR] VT was higher in women than in men (8.6 [7.7 to 9.6] vs. 7.6 [6.8 to 8.4] ml kg-1 PBW, P < 0.001). Compared with men, women were twice as likely not to receive LTVV [68.8 vs. 36.0%; relative risk ratio 2.1 (95% CI 1.9 to 2.1), P < 0.001]. In the mediation analysis, patients' height and actual body weight (ABW) explained 81 and 18% of the sex difference in use of LTVV, respectively; it was not explained by the use of a default VT.CONCLUSION: In this worldwide cohort of patients receiving intra-operative ventilation during general anaesthesia for surgery, women received a higher VT than men during intra-operative ventilation. The risk for a female not to receive LTVV during surgery was double that of males. Height and ABW were the two mediators of the sex difference in use of LTVV.TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01601223

Class, Youth and Dirty Jobs: The Working-Class and Post-War Britain in Pete Townshend's Quadrophenia

FOS

Le rapprochement entre la méthodologie marxiste et la méthodologie féministe est-il possible ? (Et est-ce important pour la sociologie du droit ?)

The paper first argues that both marxism and feminism depend on a realist ontology, and within this the possibility of a specifically feminist standpoint from which knowledge may be constructed is considered. The technical implications of this for researchers in the human sciences are then explored. Techniques claimed in the literature to be feminist are addressed with the two questions of : is this technique consistent with a marxist approach ? and is this a necessary, or only a possible, position for feminism ? The characteristics claimed for feminist research are 1) a relational quality, 2) an emphasis on expérience, 3) political commitment, 4) anti-hierarchy, 5) antidualism, 6) allowing those investigated to remain subjects, and 7) Personal as well as theoretical reflexivity. The differential relation to these characteristics by feminism and marxism is shown to be complex and non-unitary. In particular, it is argued that while political alliances are certainly possible, epistemologically it is not possible to be simultaneously both feminist and marxist. It is further argued that sociology of law has been systematically silent about women and gender, except in areas where women have traditionally been considered to have a place, such as the family and family law. In this sense sociology of law has reinforced existing ideologies.Dans cet article, l'auteur commence par soutenir que marxisme et féminisme dépendent tous deux d'une ontologie réaliste, et par considérer dans ce cadre la possibilité d'une position spécifiquement féministe à partir de laquelle la connaissance puisse être constituée. Sont examinées ensuite les implications techniques de ce point de vue pour la recherche en sciences humaines. Les techniques déclarées féministes dans les écrits sur le sujet font l'objet de deux interrogations : cette technique est-elle compatible avec une approche marxiste ? Est-ce une position nécessaire, ou seulement possible, pour le féminisme ? Les caractéristiques affirmées spécifiques de la recherche féministe sont : 1) la qualité relationnelle, 2) l'accent mis sur l'expérience, 3) l'engagement politique, 4) l'anti-hiérarchie, 5) l'antidualisme, 6) la faculté pour ceux qui sont analysés de rester des sujets et 7) la réflexivité tant personnelle que théorique. L'auteur démontre que les différences entre marxisme et féminisme dans leur relation à ces caractéristiques sont complexes et non-unitaires. En particulier, elle soutient que, si sur le plan politique, les alliances sont certainement possibles, sur le plan épistémologique, il est impossible d'être simultanément et féministe et marxiste. Puis est développée l'idée que la sociologie du droit est restée systématiquement silencieuse à propos des femmes et du genre, sauf dans les domaines comme la famille et le droit de la famille, où l'on considère traditionnellement que les femmes ont une place. De ce point de vue, la sociologie du droit a renforcé les idéologies existantes.Cain Maureen. Le rapprochement entre la méthodologie marxiste et la méthodologie féministe est-il possible ? (Et est-ce important pour la sociologie du droit ?). In: Droit et société, n°2, 1986. pp. 77-90

Beyond Informal Justice

The article is a published version of EUI LAW WP; 1984/12

Philosophie, science et politique : réponse au Professeur Van Houtte

Cain Maureen. Philosophie, science et politique : réponse au Professeur Van Houtte. In: Droit et société, n°3, 1986. pp. 187-193