PILOT STUDY OVER SECONDARY TASK COGNITIVE WORKLOAD INDUCED ON DRIVERS IN AS 1200-6 SIMULATOR

Modern cars are increasingly equipped not only with the driver assisting systems, but also in multimedia devices allowing to track the information, use the Internet or send and receive e-mail. This type of activity can cause dangerous situations by inducing various forms of distraction to the driver. In order to identify the effects caused by performing additional tasks while driving, two types of secondary tasks were proposed.The following article presents the results of a pilot study that uses two additional tasks to induce the driver with cognitive load not related to driving. At the same time, in the course of the experiment, both the driving performance and the quality of performing additional tasks was observed. The article describes selected results of the conducted study

Analysis of the advancements in real-life performance of highly automated vehicles' with regard to the road traffic safety

The article presents the analysis of the performance of the vehicles equipped with automated driving systems (ADS) which were tested in real-life road conditions from 2015 to 2017 in the state of California. It aims at the effort to assess the impact on the road safety the continuous technological advancements in driving automation might have, based on of the first large-scale, real-life test deployments. Vehicle manufacturers and other stakeholders testing the highly automated vehicles in California are obliged to issue yearly reports which provide an insight on the test scale as well as the technology maturity. The so-called 'disengagement reports' highlight the range and number of control takeovers between the ADS and driver, which are made either based on driver's decision or information provided by the vehicle itself. The analysis of these reports allowed to investigate the development made in automated driving technology throughout the years of tests, as well as the direct or indirect influence of the external factors (e.g. various weather conditions) on the ADS performance. The results show that there is still a significant gap in reliability and safety between human drivers and highly automated vehicles which has been yet steadily decreasing due to technology advancements made while driving in the specific infrastructure and traffic conditions of California

Selected properties of the potato snacks expanded in the microwave radiation

The results of measurements of the selected properties of the extruded potato pellets and snacks expanded in the microwave field are presented in the paper. The potato pellets with the addition of the baking soda were prepared with a single screw extruder TS-45. The snacks were obtained by pellets expansion in a conventional microwave oven. The expansion index and the hardness of the pellets and the snacks, as well as, the texture properties of the snacks were evaluated during this study. The results showed that baking soda addition reduced the potato pellet expansion during their extrusion. This was an effect of a smaller thickness of the obtained pellets. The addition of baking soda had positive influence on potato snacks expansion in microwave radiation. The higher content of the soda additive resulted in lower hardness of pellets during cutting tests. The opposite effect was observed during texture measurements of the snacks. The addition of baking soda increased hardness of the expanded snacks. Soda addition lowers crispness and fragilityof the potato snacks expanded in the microwave radiation

The impact of the interfaces of the driving automation system on a driver with regard to road traffic safety

The article presents the results of the road safety-targeted research on the influence of driving automation system interfaces, regarding the highway chauffeur scenario. The verification of multisensory test stand operation was planned through the research targeting transfer of control in a driving simulator. Such examination on one hand allowed to verify its efficiency as a whole (as well as its modules), while on the other hand it helped to answer a significant question regarding the efficient and time-minimizing communication form with driver through the HMI. One of the main analyzed, road safety-targeted parameters was time needed for taking over the control of the vehicle. The results of conducted experiment show that providing the RtI information using all interfaces available in the vehicle may not to be the most effective way. The examinees achieved the best results when informed through visual and auditory interfaces (t=3,84 s). The next stage of the research will cover the analysis of the maneuvers made after the control takeover

The impact of the interfaces of the driving automation system on a driver with regard to road traffic safety

The article presents the results of the road safety-targeted research on the influence of driving automation system interfaces, regarding the highway chauffeur scenario. The verification of multisensory test stand operation was planned through the research targeting transfer of control in a driving simulator. Such examination on one hand allowed to verify its efficiency as a whole (as well as its modules), while on the other hand it helped to answer a significant question regarding the efficient and time-minimizing communication form with driver through the HMI. One of the main analyzed, road safety-targeted parameters was time needed for taking over the control of the vehicle. The results of conducted experiment show that providing the RtI information using all interfaces available in the vehicle may not to be the most effective way. The examinees achieved the best results when informed through visual and auditory interfaces (t=3,84 s). The next stage of the research will cover the analysis of the maneuvers made after the control takeover

Selected properties of the potato snacks expanded in the microwave radiation

The results of measurements of the selected properties of the extruded potato pellets and snacks expanded in the microwave field are presented in the paper. The potato pellets with the addition of the baking soda were prepared with a single screw extruder TS-45. The snacks were obtained by pellets expansion in a conventional microwave oven. The expansion index and the hardness of the pellets and the snacks, as well as, the texture properties of the snacks were evaluated during this study. The results showed that baking soda addition reduced the potato pellet expansion during their extrusion. This was an effect of a smaller thickness of the obtained pellets. The addition of baking soda had positive influence on potato snacks expansion in microwave radiation. The higher content of the soda additive resulted in lower hardness of pellets during cutting tests. The opposite effect was observed during texture measurements of the snacks. The addition of baking soda increased hardness of the expanded snacks. Soda addition lowers crispness and fragilityof the potato snacks expanded in the microwave radiation

Pilot Study over Secondary Task Cognitive Workload Induced on Drivers in AS 1200-6 Simulator

Modern cars are more and more frequently equipped not only with the driver assisting systems, but also with multimedia devices allowing to track the information, use the Internet or send and receive e-mails. This type of activity can cause dangerous situations by inducing various forms of distraction to the driver. In order to identify the effects caused by performing additional tasks while driving, two types of secondary tasks were proposed. The following article presents the results of a pilot study that uses two additional tasks to induce the driver with cognitive load not related to driving. At the same time, in the course of the experiment, both the driving performance and the quality of performing additional tasks were observed. The article describes selected results of the conducted study

Tribocorrosion and Abrasive Wear Test of 22MnCrB5 Hot-Formed Steel

The article presents the results of research on abrasive and tribocorrosion wear of boron steel. This type of steel is used in the automotive and agricultural industries for the production of tools working in soil. The main goal of the article is the evaluation of tribocorrosion and abrasive wear for hot-formed 22MnCrB5 steel and a comparison of the obtained results with test results for steel in a cold-formed state. The spinning bowl method to determine the wear of samples working in the abrasive mass was used. Furthermore, a stand developed based on the ball-on-plate system allows to determine the wear during the interaction of friction and corrosion. After the hot-forming process, 22MnCrB5 steel was three times more resistant for the abrasive wear than steel without this treatment. The average wear intensity for 22MnCrB5 untreated steel was 0.00046 g per km, while for 22MnCrB5 hot-formed steel it was 0.00014 g per km. The tribocorrosion tests show that the wear trace of hot-formed 22MnCrB5 steel was about 7.03 µm, and for cold-formed 22MnCrB5 steel a 12.11 µm trace was noticed. The hot-forming method allows to obtain the desired shape of the machine element and improves the anti-wear and anti-corrosion properties for boron steel