Resistencia a la insulina y Enfermedad de Alzheimer prodrómica en la Comunidad de La Rioja: primeras impresiones

Trabajo presentado en la XLIII Reunión de la Sociedad de Neurología del País Vasco, celebrada en Vitoria (España), el 6 de mayo de 202

Valoración de la Calidad de sueño, actividad física y estado cognitivo en una serie de pacientes con Enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) prodrómica: Estudio descriptivo

Resumen del trabajo presentado en la LXXIII Reunión Anual de la Sociedad Española de Neurología, celebrada de forma virtual del 22 de noviembre al 2 de diciembre de 2021Objetivo: Describir la calidad de sueño, actividad física y estado cognitivo en pacientes con Enfermedad de Alzheimer prodrómica (EA). Analizar los problemas de sueño y ejercicio físico en función de la presencia o no de factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de variables sociodemográficas, clínicas, factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRV), antecedentes familiares de enfermedades neurodegenerativas (AF), MMSE y biomarcadores. Se emplearon los cuestionarios de Pittsburg (PSQI), de actividad física (ClassAF) y el Minimental state examination (MMSE) para evaluar la calidad de sueño, la actividad física y el estado cognitivo respectivamente. El análisis estadístico fue llevado a cabo con el programa SPSS. Resultados: Revisados 23 casos con EA prodrómica con edad inferior a 75 años y PET-amiloide positivo 100%. Mujeres 69,56%. Estudios primarios 47,82%. FRV 52,17%. AF 56,52%. MMSE 26.91(±1.47). Problemas en calidad de sueño 52,17%. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la calidad de sueño entre los que presentaron FRV y los que no (50% vs. 54,54% respectivamente). Actividad física: laboral o doméstica: 86,95% (moderada); ejercicio físico y/o deporte: 78,26% (ligero); frecuencia semanal de ejercicio físico y/o deporte: 78,26% (diariamente), sin diferencias en función del FRV. Conclusiones: En nuestra serie, más de la mitad de los pacientes presentan problemas de sueño. Sin embargo, no se encuentran diferencias en la calidad del sueño entre los pacientes que presentan o no factores de riesgo cardiovascular. No hay diferencias en la actividad física en relación con la presencia o no de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con EA prodrómica. Limitaciones: tamaño muestral.Peer reviewe

Dietary pattern focused on macro and micronutrients intake and its association with body mass and waist circumference index in patients with prodromal Alzheimer's disease in La Rioja

Resumen del trabajo presentado en la 19th Conference on Trans Pyrenean Investigations in Obesity and Diabetes (CTPIOD), celebrada en Aragón (España), los días 17 y 18 de octubre de 2022Functional decline (dementia) during aging results in the deterioration of physical and cognitive capacities. The most common form of dementia is Alzheimer's disease that accounts for 60% of all patients with dementia. Unfortunately, there are no effective or preventive treatments for this disease [1]. Addressing modifiable risk factors is considered to be the most promising strategy to prevent or delay Alzheimer's disease. In this regard, diet is a modifiable environmental factor that has been associated with many non-communicable diseases with connections to dementia [2]. A large body of scientific evidence, mostly observational studies, suggests a direct role for dietetic habits nutrition on clinical measures of cognitive status in older adults. Due to the complex biological interactions between different components of the diet, it has been proposed that the use of a whole-diet approach, through the study of dietary patterns rather than individual nutrients or food groups, might help to understand the role of diet in Alzheimer¿s disease and related dementia [3]. Thus, the aim of the study was to establish the connections between dietetic habits, body mass and waist index in the protection against Alzheimer's disease in an environment of other multiple lifestyle factors. To achieve this goal, a retrospective observational study of cases and controls has been carried out. For this, 95 volunteers have been studied: 46 were included in the Alzheimer group (mean age 70.4) and 49 in the control group (mean age 65.0). For the diet and nutritional evaluation, the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and the Three-Day Record (3-DR) were used. FFQ includes 115 foods structured in 9 groups [4] and, based on these data, the level of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet was also calculated. In addition, the 3-DR is a prospective method in an open format which collects information on the foods and beverages consumed in a previously specified period of time [5]. From this, the analysis of the average daily intake of energy, macro- and micronutrients was carried out using the PCN Pro food composition database [6]. The results showed that the controls have a statistically higher body mass index (BMI) than the Alzheimer cases (27.6 vs 25.7 p=0.0137). No statistically significant differences were observed with respect to the waist index. In the analysis of the dietary pattern, the levels of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet suggests a slightly higher adherence in the control group (score 9.24/14) compared to the Alzheimer¿s disease group (score 8.83/14), although this difference was not statistically significant. The analysis of macro and micronutrients showed that the control participants daily ingested higher amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (p=0.032), iron (p=0.040), folic acid (p=0.009), vitamin C (p=0.030) and vegetal proteins (p=0.021). In contrast, patients with Alzheimer's disease daily ingested statistically higher amounts of phosphorus (p=0.025) and animal proteins (p=0.025). The dietary data contrast with the BMI and waist index observed in the two groups. More studies are needed to understand such lack of associations among dietary intake and BMI in our cohort.This study was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/5011000 11033) (Spanish Goverment) throught the project PID2019-108851RB-C22 and the Margarita Salas postdoctoral grant (funded by the European Union – NextGenerationEU)