8 research outputs found

    Modélisation numérique du transfert radiatif par la méthode des volumes finis dans les disjoncteurs à SF6

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    Présentation des disjoncteurs -- Les fonctions remplies -- Le principe de fonctionnement -- Les phénomènes physiques en jeu -- Modélisation -- Modélisation numérique du rayonnement dans les disjoncteurs à SFb6s -- Méthode des volumes finis -- Méthode Ql -- Rayonnement dans un milieu participatif -- Nature du rayonnement -- Spectre électromagnétique -- Rappels sur les définitions et grandeurs caractéristiques liées au rayonnement -- Plasma thermique -- Équation du transfert radiatif -- Méthode des volumes finis -- Dérivation du schéma numérique en trois dimensions -- Schéma en coordonnées cylindriques avec l'hypothèse d'axisymétrie -- Implémentation de la méthode des volumes finis -- Résultats pour les cas tests analytiques -- Cas test semi-industriel -- Analyse du temps de calcul -- Conclusion des résultats

    Application of a general discrete adjoint method for draft tube optimization

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    ABSTRACT: Automatic optimization is becoming increasingly important in turbomachinery design to improve the performance of machine components and Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) play a very important role in this task. The main drawback of EAs is the large number of evaluations that are required to obtain an "optimal" result. Consequently, in order to keep the computational time in an affordable frame for design purposes, either the mesh size has to be limited, thus reducing the resolution of the flow phenomena, or the number of free parameters must be kept small. Adjoint optimization does not suffer from these restrictions, i.e. the optimization time is not affected by the number of parameters. The computational effort for the adjoint method scales only with the grid size and is usually in the range of two times the CFD simulation alone. In this paper, a discrete adjoint method based on a coupled pressure based RANS solver is presented and applied to draft tube optimization. The adjoint solver is general and can therefore deal with any turbulence model supported by the CFD solver as well as any boundary condition, including mixing planes and mesh interfaces needed for multi-stage simulations. Furthermore, there is no restriction on the choice of objective function. The adjoint method is first applied to a baseline draft tube geometry and then again to its EA optimized geometry where the objective function was the minimization of losses in the draft tube. To reduce the complexity for this proof of concept but still including multiple operating points in the optimization, only peak efficiency and full-load were optimized simultaneously. The adjoint optimization can significantly improve the draft tube performance in both cases (baseline and EA optimization). The interplay between local and global optimization seems to be a promising strategy to find optimal geometries for multi-operating point/multi-objective optimization and will be further investigated in subsequent research

    Comparison of Two Models for Radiative Heat Transfer in High Temperature Thermal Plasmas

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    Numerical simulation of the arc-flow interaction in high-voltage circuit breakers requires a radiation model capable of handling high-temperature participating thermal plasmas. The modeling of the radiative transfer plays a critical role in the overall accuracy of such CFD simulations. As a result of the increase of computational power, CPU intensive methods based on the radiative transfer equation, leading to more accurate results, are now becoming attractive alternatives to current approximate models. In this paper, the predictive capabilities of the finite volume method (RTE-FVM) and the P1 model are investigated. A systematic comparison between these two models and analytical solutions are presented for a variety of relevant test cases. Two implementations of each approach are compared, and a critical evaluation is presented

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    Cet ouvrage est le premier dictionnaire biographique consacré au monde des bibliothèques françaises. L’équipe scientifique réunie par Isabelle Antonutti a choisi 100 personnalités, femmes ou hommes, ayant exercé du milieu du XIXe à la fin du XXe siècle, à Paris ou en province. À travers elles, on retrouve toutes les évolutions du métier : pionniers de la lecture publique, bâtisseurs de l’université, savants du patrimoine, techniciens de la bibliothéconomie… Plus de 60 rédacteurs se sont associés à ce livre exceptionnel par son ambition comme par son projet : montrer qu’une bibliothèque est d’abord un projet social et humain
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