8 research outputs found
Separation of Nanoparticles in Aqueous Multiphase Systems through Centrifugation
This paper demonstrates the use of aqueous multiphase
systems (MuPSs)
as media for rate-zonal centrifugation to separate nanoparticles of
different shapes and sizes. The properties of MuPSs do not change
with time or during centrifugation; this stability facilitates sample
collection after separation. A three-phase system demonstrates the
separation of the reaction products (nanorods, nanospheres, and large
particles) of a synthesis of gold nanorods, and enriches the nanorods
from 48 to 99% in less than ten minutes using a benchtop centrifuge
Aqueous Multiphase Systems of Polymers and Surfactants Provide Self-Assembling Step-Gradients in Density
This Communication demonstrates the generation of over
300 phase-separated
systemsranging from two to six phasesfrom mixtures
of aqueous solutions of polymers and surfactants. These aqueous multiphase
systems (MuPSs) form self-assembling, thermodynamically stable step-gradients
in density using a common solvent, water. The steps in density between
phases of a MuPS can be very small (Δρ ≈ 0.001
g/cm<sup>3</sup>), do not change over time, and can be tuned by the
addition of co-solutes. We use two sets of similar objects, glass
beads and pellets of different formulations of Nylon, to demonstrate
the ability of MuPSs to separate mixtures of objects by differences
in density. The stable interfaces between phases facilitate the convenient
collection of species after separation. These results suggest that
the stable, sharp step-gradients in density provided by MuPSs can
enable new classes of fractionations and separations based on density
Schematic of the density-based tests to identify SCD.
<p>Both versions of the SCD-AMPS are designed to separate dense red blood cells present in SCD from whole blood. Blood passes through the phases—top (T) and bottom (B) for SCD-AMPS-2 and top (T), middle (M), and bottom (B) for SCD-AMPS-3—upon centrifugation. If sickled cells are present, they collect at the interface between the bottom phase and the seal (<i>B/S</i>), and provide a visual readout for the presence of SCD. In SCD-AMPS-3, the additional phase allows the discrimination of Hb SS from Hb SC by evaluating the distribution of red cells at the upper interfaces (between the top and middle phases (<i>T/M</i>) and the middle and bottom phases (<i>M/B</i>).</p
Tabulation of Results of SCD-AMPS Tests Compared to Reference Test Results by Hemoglobin Electrophoresis.
<p>*Samples found to have>50% Hb S but non-zero levels of Hb A, potentially a result of Hb S with β-thalassemia or a transfused Hb SS subject.</p><p>Tabulation of Results of SCD-AMPS Tests Compared to Reference Test Results by Hemoglobin Electrophoresis.</p
Equipment for the SCD-AMPS rapid test.
<p>All the equipment necessary to run the rapid test in a rural clinic fits inside a backpack and were evaluated at rural health centers in Zambia.</p
The sensitivity and specificity of SCD-AMPS as a function of the amount of time between collecting samples and running tests.
<p>The specificity shows a decline over each 24 hour increment, with a significant decline over 48 hours (p-value <0.0005). The sensitivity increased between the first and second time interval, but then decreased between the second and third interval (p-values <0.01). The sample size used for each time interval is provided below each bar.</p
Basic Characteristics of the Study Population.
<p>Basic Characteristics of the Study Population.</p
Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria for Study.
<p>Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria for Study.</p