Best logistic regression models explaining the relationship between habitat use and the presence or absence of crop-raiding by orangutans.

<p>2log likelihood is the overall fit of each model, <i>K</i> is the number of parameters in each model, ΔAIC is the measurement of each model relative to the top ranked model, and w<i>_i</i> is the AIC model weight.</p

Orangutan home range size estimates (in ha) from Borneo (B) and Sumatra (S) using minimum convex polygon method.

<p>Data table adapted from Singelton et al., 2009 <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0017210#pone.0017210-Singleton3" target="_blank">[52]</a> and Utami et al., 2009 <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0017210#pone.0017210-UtamiAtmoko1" target="_blank">[34]</a>.</p><p>1, Ketambe orangutan project Universitas Nasional Jakarta & Utrecht University Netherlands;</p><p>2, Ancrenaz and James;</p><p>3, Tuanan orangutan project Universitas Nasional Jakarta & University of Zürich;</p><p>4, Morrogh-Bernard.</p

Orangutan home range (HR) size estimates (in ha) during crop-raiding (CR) and non crop-raiding (NCR) periods using minimum convex polygon (MCP), 100×100 m grid-cell based and Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) methods, and mean daily journey length (MDJ, in m; ±SD) and mean daily linear distance (MLD, in m; ±SD).

<p>* CR: during days when orangutans were recorded to raid cultivated crops, NCR: days orangutans were recorded to eat wild fruits only (i.e. not crop-raiding).</p><p>MDJ and MLD are based on full day follows (n = 157 days).</p

Identifying priority conservation landscapes and actions for the Critically Endangered Javan leopard in Indonesia: Conserving the last large carnivore in Java Island

<div><p>With the extirpation of tigers from the Indonesian island of Java in the 1980s, the endemic and Critically Endangered Javan leopard is the island’s last remaining large carnivore. Yet despite this, it has received little conservation attention and its population status and distribution remains poorly known. Using Maxent modeling, we predicted the locations of suitable leopard landscapes throughout the island of Java based on 228 verified Javan leopard samples and as a function of seven environmental variables. The identified landscapes covered over 1 million hectares, representing less than 9% of the island. Direct evidence of Javan leopard was confirmed from 22 of the 29 identified landscapes and included all national parks, which our analysis revealed as the single most important land type. Our study also emphasized the importance of maintaining connectivity between protected areas and human-modified landscapes because adjacent production forests and secondary forests were found to provide vital extensions for several Javan leopard subpopulations. Our predictive map greatly improves those previously produced by the Government of Indonesia’s Javan Leopard Action Plan and the IUCN global leopard distribution assessment. It shares only a 32% overlap with the IUCN range predictions, adds six new priority landscapes, all with confirmed presence of Javan leopard, and reveals an island-wide leopard population that occurs in several highly fragmented landscapes, which are far more isolated than previously thought. Our study provides reliable information on where conservation efforts must be prioritized both inside and outside of the protected area network to safeguard Java’s last remaining large carnivore.</p></div

Contribution of Javan leopard occurrence records in different land use types.

<p>Javan leopard occurrence was identified based on direct and indirect signs, and conflict incidents.</p

Protected areas in 24 out of 29 suitable landscapes.

<p>Protected areas in 24 out of 29 suitable landscapes.</p

Predictive map identifying suitable Javan leopard landscapes on the Indonesian island of Java.

<p>The Maxent model outputs were defined to be suitable for Javan leopard if they had a logistic probability of 0.42 or greater. The numbers represent the 29 predicted suitable landscapes listed in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0198369#pone.0198369.s004" target="_blank">S2 Table</a>.</p

Additional file 9: of Predicting the geographical distributions of the macaque hosts and mosquito vectors of Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in forested and non-forested areas

Macaca leonina data. Each record of M. leonina occurrence is provided with a location and date. Duplicate records within a calendar year have been removed. Locations are classed as points (defined as <25 km2) or polygons (defined as >25 km2). (XLSX 63 kb

Sumatran tiger site occupancy () and density () estimates for the best model, averaged for each study area.

<p>The two right-most columns show the estimates conditional to the data observed. Standard errors are shown in brackets.</p

Summary of Sumatra-wide field survey effort for each landscape.

<p>*I = global priority; II = regional priority; III = long-term priority.</p>1<p>Kerinci Seblat National Park and Batang Hari Protection Forest and their surrounding forests.</p>2<p>Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park and Bukit Balai Rejang Selatan.</p>3<p>Pasir Pangaraian, Giam Siak, Duri, Balaraja, Tapung.</p>4<p>Tesso Nilo, Bukit Bungkuk, Bukit Rimbang-Baling, Bukit Batabuh, Bukit Tigapuluh, Kerumutan.</p>5<p>Dangku, Bukit Duabelas, Berbak.</p