2,674 research outputs found
Narratives in Conflict: Atonement in Hebrews and the Qur\u27an
Did Jesus die on the cross for our sins as the Gospels describe? Or, as Muslims often contend, was Jesus rescued to heaven in order to avoid the shameful crucifixion that would be unbefitting of a messenger of God? This debate has raged for generations and has caused no shortage of frustration among those seeking to explain the central teaching of the Christian faith to those influenced by the Qurâan. What this book aims to do is uncover four barriers to understanding the biblical teaching on atonement that likely exist in the minds of our Muslim friends prior to asking about the historical reality of the Christ event.
What we will discover is that the Qurâan diverges from the biblical teaching on atonement at the lexical, ritual, narrative, and worldview levels. Each of these points of divergence presents a barrier to communication. Therefore, before arguing with our Muslim friends that Jesus died on the cross, we must provide an answer to the prior question, why would it matter? This book argues that the Letter to the Hebrews provides a particularly helpful biblical starting point for overcoming all four barriers.https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/faculty_books/1235/thumbnail.jp
Finishing the Task? A Cautionary Analysis of Missionary Language
Since the beginning of the twentieth century, technological advances and transportation opportunities have made it conceivable for the first time in history that a single generation of Christians might be able to both access and evangelize all of the worldâs peoples. To this end, missionary agencies have employed mottos such as âFinish the Taskâ to rally Christians to complete the work of world evangelization. Often such efforts are connected to Matt 24:14 where Jesus promises that the gospel of the kingdom will be preached to all nations before the eschaton. Such mottos imply that the missionary task is coterminous with world evangelization. Yet the Great Commission of Matt 28:18â 20 will not allow for such a reduced conception of the essential missionary task. While world evangelization is a vital component of the Great Commission, missions strategies must not allow the promise of Jesus to distract from full obedience to his command
Christ in the Scripture of Islam: Remnantal Revelation or Irredeemable Imposter?
The Qurâan endorses and reveres Jesus, providing Christian missionaries with communicative traction as they can lean into a shared Messiah. Or does it? This article compares the qurâanic Jesus (âIsa) and the biblical Jesus (Yasuaâ) in order to investigate whether or not the apparent similarity extends beyond superficial similarities. By employing Daniel Strangeâs categories of âremnantal revelationâ and âsubversive fulfillmentâ as a helpful heuristic for assessment, this article contends that the two Jesus characters are not compatible. In fact, the Qurâanâs use of âIsa appears to be an attempt to subvert the message and work of the biblical Yasuaâ. As a result, it recommends rejection of the missiological impulse to utilize the qurâanic nomenclature in evangelism, discipleship, and Bible translation. Such attempts at contextualization are counterproductive since this name is inextricably tied to a character whose intent is to subvert the message and work of the biblical Jesus
Muslim Insider Ecclesiology: Does Insider Movement Contextualization Produce Biblically Fatheful Churches or a Mere Mosquerade?
Contextualization is fundamentally the process of communicating the unchanging message of the Gospel within the changing contexts of the world. Until Christ returns, contextualization will always be an aspect of the missionary task. One contemporary approach to contextualization, the Insider Movement, has risen to the fore of missiological discussion due to its controversial embrace of existing religious forms and identities as potential conduits of biblical truth. Insider Movement advocates working among Muslims teach that one can remain identified socio-religiously as a Muslim while still faithfully following Jesus as savior. While the past two decades have played host to multiple layers of discussion surrounding Insider Movements, this essay investigates an under-discussed element of Insider Movement methodology among Muslims: Ecclesiology. This paper analyzes four key biblical texts pertinent to ecclesiology as a rubric for determining whether Insider Movement strategies among Muslims are likely to produce biblically faithful churches
The trumping relation and the structure of the bipartite entangled states
The majorization relation has been shown to be useful in classifying which
transformations of jointly held quantum states are possible using local
operations and classical communication. In some cases, a direct transformation
between two states is not possible, but it becomes possible in the presence of
another state (known as a catalyst); this situation is described mathematically
by the trumping relation, an extension of majorization. The structure of the
trumping relation is not nearly as well understood as that of majorization. We
give an introduction to this subject and derive some new results. Most notably,
we show that the dimension of the required catalyst is in general unbounded;
there is no integer such that it suffices to consider catalysts of
dimension or less in determining which states can be catalyzed into a given
state. We also show that almost all bipartite entangled states are potentially
useful as catalysts.Comment: 7 pages, RevTe
Selecting Surrogate Endpoints for Estimating Pesticide Effects on Avian Reproductive Success
A Markov chain nest productivity model (MCnest) has been developed for projecting the effects of a specific pesticideâuse scenario on the annual reproductive success of avian species of concern. A critical element in MCnest is the use of surrogate endpoints, defined as measured endpoints from avian toxicity tests that represent specific types of effects possible in field populations at specific phases of a nesting attempt. In this article, we discuss the attributes of surrogate endpoints and provide guidance for selecting surrogates from existing avian laboratory tests as well as other possible sources.We also discuss some of the assumptions and uncertainties related to using surrogate endpoints to represent field effects. The process of explicitly considering how toxicity test results can be used to assess effects in the field helps identify uncertainties and data gaps that could be targeted in higherâtier risk assessments
Incorporating Results of Avian Toxicity Tests into a Model of Annual Reproductive Success
Modeling the effects of pesticide exposure on avian populations requires knowledge of how the pesticide changes survival and fecundity rates for the population. Although avian reproduction tests are the primary source of information on reproductive effects in the pesticide risk assessment process, current tests cannot provide a direct estimate of the effects of a pesticide on fecundity rates. We present a mathematical model that integrates information on specific types of effects from reproduction tests with information on avian life history parameters, the timing of pesticide applications, and the temporal pattern of pesticide exposure levels to estimate pesticide effects on annual reproductive success. The model demonstration follows nesting success of females in no-pesticide or pesticide-exposed populations through a breeding season to estimate the mean number of successful broods per female. We demonstrate the model by simulating populations of a songbird exposed to 1 of 2 hypothetical pesticides during a breeding season. Finally, we discuss several issues for improving the quantitative estimation of annual reproductive success
WITHDRAWN: An electrophysiological insight into visual attention mechanisms underlying schizotypy
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