GJETC report 2020 : German-Japanese cooperation in energy research ; supporting the closure of implementation gaps ; key results and policy recommendations

The German-Japanese Energy Transition Council (GJETC) was established in 2016 by experts from research institutions, energy policy think tanks, and practitioners in Germany and Japan. The objectives and main activities of the Council and the supporting secretariats are to identify and analyze current and future issues regarding policy frameworks, markets, infrastructure, and technological developments in the energy transition, and to hold Council meetings to exchange ideas and propose better policies and strategies. In its second project phase (2018-2020), the GJETC had six members from academia on the Japanese side, and eight members on the German side, with one Co-Chair from each country. From October 2018 to March 2020, the GJETC worked on and debated six topics: 1) Digitalization and the energy transition. 2) Hydrogen society. 3) Review of German and Japanese long-term energy scenarios and their evaluation mechanism. 4) Buildings, energy efficiency, heating/cooling. 5) Integration costs of renewable energies. 6) Transport and sector coupling. The outputs and the recommendations of the second phase of the GJETC are summarized in this report

GJETC report 2018 : intensified German-Japanese cooperation in energy research ; key results and policy recommendations

The challenges and also potentials of the energy transition are tremendous in Germany, as well as in Japan. Sometimes, structures of the old energy world need "creative destruction" to clear the way for innovations for a decarbonized, low-risk energy system. In these times of disruptive changes, a constructive and sometimes controversial dialog within leading industrial nation as Japan and Germany over the energy transition is even more important. The German-Japanese Energy Transition Council (GJETC) released a summarizing report for the first project phase 2016-2018. It includes jointly formulated recommendations for politics as well as a controversial dialogue part. The Council jointly states and recommends that: Ambitious long-term targets and strategies for a low-carbon energy system must be defined and ambitiously implemented; Germany and Japan as high technology countries need to take the leadership. Both countries will have to restructure their energy systems substantially until 2050 while maintaining their competitiveness and securing energy supply. Highest priority is given to the forced implementation of efficiency technologies and renewable energies, despite different views on nuclear energy. In both countries all relevant stakeholders - but above all the decision-makers on all levels of energy policy - need to increase their efforts for a successful implementation of the energy transition. Design of the electricity market needs more incentives for flexibility options and for the extensive expansion of variable power generation, alongside with strategies for cost reduction for electricity from photovoltaic and wind energy. The implementation gap of the energy efficiency needs to be closed by an innovative energy policy package to promote the principle of "Energy Efficiency First". Synergies and co-benefits of an enhanced energy and resource efficiency policy need to be realized. Co-existence of central infrastructure and the growing diversity of the activities for decentralization (citizens funding, energy cooperatives, establishment of public utility companies) should be supported. Scientific cooperation can be intensified by a joint working group for scenarios and by the establishment of an academic exchange program

Midline Signalling Systems Direct the Formation of a Neural Map by Dendritic Targeting in the Drosophila Motor System

During embryonic development of the motor system of Drosophila, motorneurons target their dendrites to different regions along the body axis in response to midline guidance cues

Aktualisierung und Ergänzung der Emissionsmatrix klimarelevanter Schadstoffe für das Teilgebiet Industrie

Der vorliegende Bericht gehört zum Teilprojekt Industrie, der etwa ein Drittel des Endenergiebedarfs in Deutschland beschreibt. Er faßt den Stand der Kenntnisse zu den industriebezogenen energierelevanten Luftemissionen zusammen. Diese Kenntnisse sind geringer, als man gemeinhin nach jahrzehntelanger Luftreinhaltepolitik erwarten könnte. Während für die typischen Industriekessel die Emissionsfaktoren für Staub, SO$_{2}$ NO$_{x}$, Methan, nichtmethanhaltige Kohlenwasserstoffe, CO undCO$_{2}$ für einzelne Energieträger vorliegen, sind die Emissionsangaben für Emissionen aus Industrieprozessen weniger gesichert; Meßreihen und abweichende Meßwerte werden nicht auf unterschiedliche Prozeßparameter zurückgeführt. Nicht selten gibt es nur einzelne Meßergebnisse, die eine Hochschätzung auf einen branchenüblichen Emissionsfaktor sehr erschweren oder unmöglich machen. Für die neuen Bundesländer sind die Emissionsfaktoren für das Basisjahr 1988 auch nicht immer zu gewinnen, weil zwar Meßwerte vorliegen, aber nicht flächendeckend und zudem häufig unveröffentlicht, so daß Emissionswerte nicht immer angegeben werden konnten oder revisionsbedürftig sein könnten. Trotz dieser Einschränkungen dürften die CO$_{2}$-Emissionsfaktoren, die unter Klimaschutzgesichtspunkten das höchste Interesse besitzen, relativ zutreffend und vollständig sein. Für Methan- und N$_{2}$O-Emissionen aus industriellen Emissionsquellen wird man in wenigen Jahren eine vergleichbare Datenbasis besitzen, wenn zur Zeit laufende Untersuchungen durchgeführt und neue Meßreihen ausgewertet sein werden. Angesichts der Tatsache, daß der industrielle Stromverbrauch weiterhin deutlich zunehmen dürfte, werden auch die Treibhausgasemissionen der Stromerzeugung und vorgelagerten Energieproduktionen einen zunehmenden Stellenwert erhalten. Diese Entwicklung wird das IKARUS-Modell - je nach unterstellter Struktur der Energieträger - genau quantifizieren können

Low-Carbon Europe 2050: Decomposition analysis of long-term projections for the European Union and selected Member States

In order to elaborate the scenario “Greenhousegas Neutral Europe“ UBA has commissioned a survey on levers relevant for decarbonisation in selected energy scenarios. Overall, significant mitigation potential can be observed in the power sector, although scenarios differ in realizing emissions reductions in 2050. The respective levers for decarbonisation in the sectors are: Renewable energies in the power sector. Energy effiency, electrification and renewable energies in the services and building sectors. In the transport sector relevant levers are energy efficiency, renewable fuels, electrification and power-to-gas or power-to-liquid options. The industry sector could benefit by using renewable energies, electrification, carbon capture and storage and power-to-gas or power to liquid options

Nachhaltige Energiewirtschaft Einstieg in die Arbeitswelt von morgen; Spendenprojekt 1995, Endbericht

'Die Studie will in die Zukunft begleiten, will dazu ermutigen, offensiv neue Wege einzuschlagen. Sie tut dies am Beispiel der Energiewirtschaft und beschraenkt sich bewusst weitgehend auf eine Untersuchung aus Sicht des Standorts Deutschland und seiner Beschaeftigten. Die Energiewirtschaft ist mit rund 650.000 Beschaeftigten zwar kein uebermaessig grosser, aber ein sehr bedeutender Wirtschaftsbereich. Die Energieversorgung ist ein zentraler Bereich einer jeden Wirtschaft - auch zukuenftiger. Darueber hinaus ist die Energieversorgung durch die von ihr verursachten Stoffstroeme und deren Wirkungen der groesste einzelne Verursacher von globalen Umweltschaeden. Dargestellt wird in der Studie, was der Umbau der Energiewirtschaft zu einer nachhaltigen Energiewirtschaft bedeutet und welche Schritte, welche Instrumente dazu noetig sind. Gezeigt wird, dass eine nachhaltige Energiewirtschaft mehr Arbeitsplaetze schafft als ein Weiterverfolgen der bisherigen Energiewirtschaft. Gefragt wird: Haben die Arbeitsplaetze, die in einer nachhaltigen Energiewirtschaft entstehen, eine andere Qualitaet als die derzeitigen? Bewiesen wird: Als Vorreiter hat Deutschland die Chance, nicht nur eine nachhaltige Entwicklung zu schaffen, sondern ueberdies eine Vielzahl von Arbeitsplaetzen. Dennoch kann eine nachhaltige Wirtschaft das Arbeitslosigkeitsproblem nicht quasi nebenbei loesen. Der Umbruch der Industriegesellschaft zur Dienstleistungsgesellschaft muss durch arbeitsmarktpolitische Entscheidungen unterstuetzt werden. Deshalb werden Ansaetze vorgestellt, wie die positiven Auswirkungen einer nachhaltigen Wirtschaft auf den Arbeitsmarkt durch zusaetzliche Instrumente weiter gefoerdert werden koennen.' (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)Available from IAB-91-EA40..-80 BF 093 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Ausweitung des Emissionshandels auf Kleinemittenten im Gebäude- und Verkehrssektor: Gestaltung und Konzepte für einen Policy mix; Endbericht zu Arbeitspaket 1 und Arbeitspaket 2 des UFOPLAN-Vorhabens "Ausweitung des Emissionshandels auf neue Sektoren und Kleinemittenten (z.B. Gebäudebereich)"

Within the scope of this project the extent to which the GHG emissions in Germany not covered up to now could be included in the EU ETS by means of an upstream emissions trading scheme (upstream ETS) was analysed. Different options have been assessed from an environ-mental, economic and legal perspective. A crucial aspect is also the interaction of an upstream ETS with existing instruments of German and EU climate and energy policy. The analysis arrives at the conclusion that the introduction of an upstream ETS is legally possible and can be administratively implemented at reasonable cost and effort. However, the specific analysis con-ducted in this report arrives at the conclusion that the introduction of an upstream ETS cannot be recommended at present since it can hardly solve the problems of the existing EU ETS - e.g. excessively high surpluses - on its own. Currently it is more important to repair the existing scheme than to expand the scope of emissions trading. Additionally, in the current mix of cli-mate policy instruments, the incorporation of small emitters from the transport or households sectors in the EU ETS would not provide any significant added value. But the implementation of an upstream ETS remains an attractive option in the long term, particularly with a view to the increasing interaction between sectors

Low-carbon strategies towards 2050: Comparing ex-ante policy evaluation studies and national planning processes in Europe

The European Union (EU) is committed to reducing its greenhouse gas (GHG) emission levels by 80%–95% in 2050 compared to 1990 levels. Various approaches have been developed to secure and evaluate the progress made towards this objective. To gain insights into how EU Member States are aligning to this collective long-term objective, we systematically compare the planning and ex-ante evaluation processes for five EU countries (respectively Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom). The comparative analysis consists of a qualitative comparison of (1) the governance of long-term policy planning and evaluation processes, (2) the national arrangement for quantitative (model-based) ex-ante policy evaluation and (3) the national arrangement for qualitative ex-ante policy evaluation (stakeholder participation). In a second step we conduct a quantitative comparison of national model-based ex-ante evaluation studies to assess the relative differences between the considered routes and the differences across the various countries. Although the five Member States plan policies along the same EU objective, we find a high diversity in how long-term commitments are established, governed and evaluated on the national level. Model-based scenario analyses are commonly used to explore and evaluate the possible national routes towards the EU 2050 objective. However, as these processes mostly concentrate on domestic action, they pay little attention to how domestic policies are affected by, or affecting, other international activities throughout Europe. Hence, current findings suggest that cross-border collaboration and stakeholder participation could further strengthen the analytical understanding of required transformative change in Europe and subsequently lead to a more durable long-term solution over time