21 research outputs found
Contemporary outcomes of cardiac surgery patients supported by the intra-aortic balloon pump
OBJECTIVES: Although the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) has been the most widely adopted temporary mechanical support device in cardiac surgical patients, its use has declined. The current study aimed to evaluate the occurrence and predictors of early mortality and complication rates in contemporary cardiac surgery patients supported by an IABP.METHODS: A multicentre, retrospective analysis was performed of all consecutive cardiac surgical patients receiving perioperative balloon pump support in 8 centres between January 2010 to December 2019. The primary outcome was early mortality, and secondary outcomes were balloon-associated complications. A multivariable binary logistic regression model was applied to evaluate predictors of the primary outcome.RESULTS: The study cohort consisted of 2615 consecutive patients. The median age was 68 years [25th percentile 61, 75th percentile 75 years], with the majority being male (76.9%), and a mean calculated 30-day mortality risk of 10.0%. Early mortality was 12.7% (n = 333), due to cardiac causes (n = 266), neurological causes (=22), balloon-related causes (n = 5) and other causes (n = 40). A composite end point of all vascular complications occurred in 7.2% of patients, and leg ischaemia was observed in 1.3% of patients. The most important predictors of early mortality were peripheral vascular disease [odds ratio (OR) 1.63], postoperative dialysis requirement (OR 10.40) and vascular complications (OR 2.57).CONCLUSIONS: The use of the perioperative IABP proved to be safe and demonstrated relatively low complication rates, particularly for leg ischaemia. As such, we believe that specialists should not be held back to use this widely available treatment in high-risk cardiac surgical patients when indicated
Dégradation de la nutrition des arbres en phosphore : un signal confirmé à l'échelle européenne
En Europe, la productivitĂ© des forĂȘts a augmentĂ© durant les derniĂšres dĂ©cennies suite Ă lâeffet combinĂ© de la concentration croissante en CO2 dans lâatmosphĂšre et des dĂ©pĂŽts atmosphĂ©riques dâazote. Les dĂ©pĂŽts dâazote Ă©tant restĂ©s Ă©levĂ©s dans diffĂ©rentes rĂ©gions dâEurope et la concentration en CO2 dans lâatmosphĂšre continuant de sâaccroĂźtre, cette productivitĂ© pourrait encore augmenter sauf si elle devient limitĂ©e par la disponibilitĂ© dâautres ressources, notamment les nutriments. Les objectifs de cette Ă©tude Ă©taient de dĂ©crire le statut nutritionnel foliaire des principales essences forestiĂšres en Europe (hĂȘtre commun, chĂȘnes sessile et pĂ©donculĂ©, Ă©picĂ©a commun, pin sylvestre, sapin pectinĂ©), dâidentifier les nutriments limitants pour la croissance pour chacune de ces essences et de dĂ©tecter les Ă©volutions temporelles de la nutrition foliaire. Elle sâest basĂ©e sur les donnĂ©es dâanalyses foliaires collectĂ©es entre 1992 et 2009 dans les placettes de suivi des Ă©cosystĂšmes forestiers de niveau II du programme international concertĂ© sur les forĂȘts (PIC ForĂȘts). Il sâagit dâun jeu de donnĂ©es unique qui couvre lâentiĂšretĂ© de lâEurope sur deux dĂ©cennies et qui a Ă©tĂ© produit selon des mĂ©thodes harmonisĂ©es entre les diffĂ©rents pays. Le niveau de nutrition en azote est gĂ©nĂ©ralement bon (suboptimal Ă optimal) pour les feuillus, mais sous le seuil de dĂ©ficit pour environ la moitiĂ© des placettes rĂ©sineuses. En revanche, une dĂ©ficience en phosphore est constatĂ©e pour une part notable des placettes de chaque essence (de 22 Ă 74 %). Toutes les essences sont aussi affectĂ©es par des dĂ©ficiences en cations basiques (calcium, magnĂ©sium, potassium) mais dans une moindre proportion de leurs placettes (de 5 Ă 40 %). Lâanalyse des tendances a permis de mettre en Ă©vidence une augmentation significative de la masse des feuilles ou des aiguilles chez le hĂȘtre et lâĂ©picĂ©a commun. Au niveau des teneurs foliaires, la grande majoritĂ© des Ă©volutions dĂ©tectĂ©es sont des tendances Ă la baisse (20 sur 22). Parmi les Ă©volutions les plus prĂ©occupantes, on note une dĂ©gradation nette de la nutrition en phosphore pour la plupart des essences, ce qui confirme le signal mis en Ă©vidence prĂ©cĂ©demment Ă lâĂ©chelle des placettes de France, de Wallonie et du Luxembourg (Jonard et al., 2009). Les teneurs foliaires en azote, soufre et potassium diminuent Ă©galement significativement pour certaines essences. En ce qui concerne le calcium et le magnĂ©sium, des tendances Ă la baisse sont observĂ©es pour les essences feuillues et Ă la hausse pour les essences rĂ©sineuse
Fourth cranial nerve palsy and brown syndrome: two interrelated congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders?
Based on neuroimaging data showing absence of the trochlear nerve, congenital superior oblique palsy is now classified as a congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder. A similar absence of the abducens nerve is accompanied by misinnervation to the lateral rectus muscle from a branch of oculomotor nerve in the Duane retraction syndrome. This similarity raises the question of whether some cases of Brown syndrome could arise from a similar synkinesis between the inferior and superior oblique muscles in the setting of congenital superior oblique palsy. This hypothesis has gained support from the confluence of evidence from a number of independent studies. Using Duane syndrome as a model, we critically review the accumulating evidence that some cases of Brown syndrome are ultimately attributable to dysgenesis of the trochlear nerve