Le rôle des dépôts de médicaments dans la circulation informelle de médicaments à Madagascar

Résumé : Le présent article rend compte du rôle des dépôts de médicaments dans l’approvisionnement du secteur pharmaceutique informel à Madagascar. Les dépôts constituent un acteur incontournable dans la distribution pharmaceutique à Madagascar, ils ont été mis en place en 2011 pour pallier le manque de pharmaciens sur l’île ainsi que pour répondre aux problèmes d’accessibilités des populations aux médicaments essentiels. Partant de l’analyse de l’organisation de la distribution de médicaments à Madagascar (secteur privé, public et informel), nous y décrivons les caractéristiques, mécanismes de fonctionnement et modalités d’approvisionnement des dépôts de médicaments. Cet article se base sur les résultats de ma thèse, dont les données ont été collectées par trois biais : entretiens semi-directifs, observations directes et relevés des points de ventes informels. Une centaine d’entretiens semi-directifs a été réalisé entre 2013 et 2017 à Madagascar auprès d’acteurs issus des différents secteurs de distribution pharmaceutique

The role of drug depots in the informal circulation of medicines in Madagascar

The geographical circulation of products used in a therapeutic context at different spatial scales is a phenomenon that has been increasing for several decades with the progression of trade, ease of travel, migration and the spread of biomedicine on a global scale. Health products are now part of economic globalisation and represent a lucrative market that is difficult to quantify due to the formal and informal channels and networks used. The ci..

Les circulations en santé : des produits, des savoirs, des personnes en mouvement : argumentaire

L’objectif de ce dossier thématique est d’interroger la construction d’une catégorie émergente en sciences sociales que sont les circulations en santé dont la mondialisation et la notion de santé globale sont des éléments clés. Dans le contexte général de la mobilité comme phénomène social, l’usage du terme de circulation apparaît intéressant à explorer pour mieux caractériser les mouvements de va-et-vient des individus entre différents contextes sanitaires ainsi que le pouvoi..

Measurement of the tt¯ cross section and its ratio to the Z production cross section using pp collisions at √s = 13.6 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The inclusive top-quark-pair production cross section σtt¯ and its ratio to the Z-boson production cross section have been measured in proton–proton collisions at √s = 13.6 TeV, using 29 fb−1 of data collected in 2022 with the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. Using events with an opposite-charge electron-muon pair and b-tagged jets, and assuming Standard Model decays, the top-quark-pair production cross section is measured to be σtt¯=850±3(stat.)±18(syst.)±20(lumi.) pb. The ratio of the tt¯ and the Z-boson production cross sections is also measured, where the Z-boson contribution is determined for inclusive e+e− and μ+μ− events in a fiducial phase space. The relative uncertainty on the ratio is reduced compared to the tt¯ cross section, thanks to the cancellation of several systematic uncertainties. The result for the ratio, Rtt¯/Z=1.145±0.003(stat.)±0.021(syst.)±0.002(lumi.) is consistent with the Standard Model prediction using the PDF4LHC21 PDF set

Le marché informel du médicament à Madagascar : une revanche populaire

This work shows us, in an inductive way, how the informal drug market is a popular revenge. This notion of "popular revenge" is understood as a form of counter-power put in place by drug sellers, and whose practice is made sustainable by the popular demand for pharmaceutical drugs. The informal drug market, as an example of a popular economy initiative, embodies a phenomenon of counter-power whose strength is to propose an alternative to the pharmaceutical structural framework in place in Madagascar, considered by our interlocutors as failing and not adequate to the demands of users. This counter-power is organized around the drug as "merchandise" and puts its market value on its therapeutic value. On the one hand, the trade of this commodity offers to its sellers exercising within the informal sector the opportunity of an escape from the peasant condition and the invention of a new "living together", based on ancestral values: the fihavanana or the principle of unity which constitutes the keystone of the social relations in Madagascar, and the respect of tanindrazana, the ancestral lands. On the other hand, for users, the acquisition of "drug-goods", as permitted through the informal drug market and carried out outside the biomedical context of the medical consultation, is in line with usual spending patterns. (miniaturization of quantities purchased, purchase out of a relationship of advice, reference to a local business)(POLS - Sciences politiques et sociales) -- UCL, 201

« J’ai peur quand je fais le docteur pour mes enfants » : l’automédication au cœur des pratiques de soins des jeunes enfants à Antananarivo, Madagascar

This article is based on a corpus of data collected in Antananarivo, the capital of Madagascar, between April and August 2015. The aim of this paper is to analyze the social conditions of production of self-medication for young children and the management of frequent and benign infant ailments. In this article, we question the use of private and informal actors in the sale of pharmaceutical drugs, the methods of acquisition and use, in light of popular knowledge about drugs. Our results show that pharmaceuticals are central in the therapeutic practices of Tananarivians. In the daily management of illnesses, choices are based on a pragmatic desire to heal at lower costs. The management of early childhood illnesses differs from adult care practices which are predominantly characterized by self-consumption of medicines. This article sheds light on the specificities of child care practices, which crystallize at the same time representations about child health and distrust towards certain pharmaceutical products

« J’ai peur quand je fais le docteur pour mes enfants » : l’automédication au cœur des pratiques de soins des jeunes enfants à Antananarivo, Madagascar

This article is based on a corpus of data collected in Antananarivo, the capital of Madagascar, between April and August 2015. The aim of this paper is to analyze the social conditions of production of self-medication for young children and the management of frequent and benign infant ailments. In this article, we question the use of private and informal actors in the sale of pharmaceutical drugs, the methods of acquisition and use, in light of popular knowledge about drugs. Our results show that pharmaceuticals are central in the therapeutic practices of Tananarivians. In the daily management of illnesses, choices are based on a pragmatic desire to heal at lower costs. The management of early childhood illnesses differs from adult care practices which are predominantly characterized by self-consumption of medicines. This article sheds light on the specificities of child care practices, which crystallize at the same time representations about child health and distrust towards certain pharmaceutical products

Les circulations en santé : des produits, des savoirs, des personnes en mouvement (dossier thématique)

International audience"Les circulations en santé sont constituées d’une multitude de formes de mouvements et impliquent aussi bien des savoirs, des normes médicales, des produits de santé, des patients et des thérapeutes. L’objectif de ce dossier consiste ainsi à mieux saisir la manière dont les corps, les connaissances médicales, les produits se transforment pendant et à l’issue des circulations. Ouvert sans limite de temps, ce dossier thématique se veut un espace pour documenter ces circulations plus ordinaires dans le champ de la santé."Accessible en ligne: https://rfst.hypotheses.org/les-circulations-en-sante-des-produits-des-savoirs-des-personnes-en-mouvemen