Effect of Different Glass Shapes and Size on the Time Course of Dissolved Oxygen in Wines during Simulated Tasting

The different shapes and sizes of wine glass are claimed to balance the different wine aromas in the headspace, enhancing the olfactory perception and providing an adequate level of oxygenation. Although the measurement of dissolved oxygen in winemaking has recently received much focus, the role of oxygen in wine tasting needs to be further disclosed. This preliminary study aims to explore, for the first time, the effect of swirling glasses of different shapes and sizes on the oxygen content of wine. Experimental trials were designed to simulate real wine tasting conditions. The O2 content after glass swirling was affected to a considerable extent by both the type of wine and the glass shape. A lack of correlation between the shape parameters of five glasses and the O2 content in wine was found which suggests that the nonequilibrium condition can occur during wine tasting. The International Standard Organisation (ISO) glass—considered to be optimal for the wine tasting—allowed less wine oxygenation than any other glass shapes; and the apparent superiority of the ISO glass is tentatively attributed to the more stable oxygen content with time; i.e., less variability in oxygen content than any other glass shape

Effect of Different Glass Shapes and Size on the Time Course of Dissolved Oxygen in Wines during Simulated Tasting

The different shapes and sizes of wine glass are claimed to balance the different wine aromas in the headspace, enhancing the olfactory perception and providing an adequate level of oxygenation. Although the measurement of dissolved oxygen in winemaking has recently received much focus, the role of oxygen in wine tasting needs to be further disclosed. This preliminary study aims to explore, for the first time, the effect of swirling glasses of different shapes and sizes on the oxygen content of wine. Experimental trials were designed to simulate real wine tasting conditions. The O2 content after glass swirling was affected to a considerable extent by both the type of wine and the glass shape. A lack of correlation between the shape parameters of five glasses and the O2 content in wine was found which suggests that the nonequilibrium condition can occur during wine tasting. The International Standard Organisation (ISO) glass\u2014considered to be optimal for the wine tasting\u2014allowed less wine oxygenation than any other glass shapes; and the apparent superiority of the ISO glass is tentatively attributed to the more stable oxygen content with time; i.e., less variability in oxygen content than any other glass shape

3D printed bone models in oral and cranio-maxillofacial surgery: a systematic review

Abstract Aim This systematic review aimed to evaluate the use of three-dimensional (3D) printed bone models for training, simulating and/or planning interventions in oral and cranio-maxillofacial surgery. Materials and methods A systematic search was conducted using PubMed® and SCOPUS® databases, up to March 10, 2019, by following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol. Study selection, quality assessment (modified Critical Appraisal Skills Program tool) and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers. All original full papers written in English/French/Italian and dealing with the fabrication of 3D printed models of head bone structures, designed from 3D radiological data were included. Multiple parameters and data were investigated, such as author’s purpose, data acquisition systems, printing technologies and materials, accuracy, haptic feedback, variations in treatment time, differences in clinical outcomes, costs, production time and cost-effectiveness. Results Among the 1157 retrieved abstracts, only 69 met the inclusion criteria. 3D printed bone models were mainly used as training or simulation models for tumor removal, or bone reconstruction. Material jetting printers showed best performance but the highest cost. Stereolithographic, laser sintering and binder jetting printers allowed to create accurate models with adequate haptic feedback. The cheap fused deposition modeling printers exhibited satisfactory results for creating training models. Conclusion Patient-specific 3D printed models are known to be useful surgical and educational tools. Faced with the large diversity of software, printing technologies and materials, the clinical team should invest in a 3D printer specifically adapted to the final application. </jats:sec

Correction to: 3D printed bone models in oral and craniomaxillofacial surgery: a systematic review

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.</jats:p

Advances in Hierarchical Model Reduction and combination with other computational reduction methods

In this work we present address the combination of the Hierarchical Model (Hi-Mod) reduction approach with projection-based reduced order methods, exploiting either on Greedy Reduced Basis (RB) or Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD), in a parametrized setting. The Hi-Mod approach, introduced in, is suited to reduce problems in pipe-like domains featuring a dominant axial dynamics, such as those arising for instance in haemodynamics. The Hi-Mod approach aims at reducing the computational cost by properly combining a finite element discretization of the dominant dynamics with a modal expansion in the transverse direction. In a parametrized context, the Hi-Mod approach has been employed as the high-fidelity method during the offline stage of model order reduction techniques based on RB or POD. The resulting combined reduction methods, which have been named Hi-RB and Hi-POD, respectively, will be presented with applications in diffusion-advection problems, fluid dynamics and optimal control problems, focusing on the approximation stability of the proposed methods and their computational performance.</jats:p

The top 100 most-cited articles in dentistry by authors with Italian affiliation

Introduction: Analyzing highly-cited articles can provide a retrospective assessment of research evolution and predict future developments. The aim of this study was to carry out a bibliometric analysis of the 100 most-cited articles in dentistry by authors with an Italian affiliation. Evidence acquisition: All the articles published in journals indexed under the Scopus category "Dentistry" and with at least one author affiliated to any Italian institution were searched in September 2022. The 100 most-cited articles were selected and relevant data were extracted and summarized. The analysis of co-authorship at country level and co-occurrence of keywords was carried out. Evidence synthesis: The 100 most-cited articles were published between 1976 and 2020. The number of citations ranged from 235 to 1683, with a mean of 361. The series included 25 citation classics (&gt;400 citations). The majority of articles were classified as expert opinion/narrative reviews (N.=47). Almost half of the articles refer to three predominant disciplines which were implantology, periodontology and restorative dentistry. Only two articles were single-authored. In 30 articles, all the authors had an Italian affiliation and the US was the most frequent country for non-Italian authors. Only one article was published in journals owned by a non-Italian publisher. Conclusions: The present series of highly-cited articles confirms the important role of Italy in dental research. We found an absence of correlation between the level of evidence and the number of citations and a non-homogeneous distribution of highly-cited papers in the different dental disciplines. The majority of articles included in the series shared international co-authorship and were published in high-impact journals

Subgingival Zone Detection via Reverse Subgingival Scan

An important issue with digital impression techniques is the difficulty in replicating the subgingival zone, particularly when abutments are prepared with a vertical finish line. We propose a novel procedure, the reverse subgingival scan (RSS), to depict the subgingival area via digital impression without a retraction cord or the distortion of the sulcus. The software workflow, beginning with a digital dental impression, was performed using Exocad® (Align Technology) and Meshmixer® (Autodesk). The approach is based on the direct alignment of the surface of abutments, which is used as a reference point. The efficacy of the RSS approach was confirmed via fit tests, radiographic control assessments, and evaluations of the rate of tissue compression of the final prosthetic restoration, so long as the provisional had a perfect fit. RSS yields information on the transversal dimension and depth of the gingival sulcus. The procedure depends on the quality and characteristics of the provisional restoration, and is suitable only for cases in which the finish line of the final crown is at the same level or more coronal than that of the provisional.</jats:p

Subgingival Zone Detection via Reverse Subgingival Scan

An important issue with digital impression techniques is the difficulty in replicating the subgingival zone, particularly when abutments are prepared with a vertical finish line. We propose a novel procedure, the reverse subgingival scan (RSS), to depict the subgingival area via digital impression without a retraction cord or the distortion of the sulcus. The software workflow, beginning with a digital dental impression, was performed using Exocad® (Align Technology) and Meshmixer® (Autodesk). The approach is based on the direct alignment of the surface of abutments, which is used as a reference point. The efficacy of the RSS approach was confirmed via fit tests, radiographic control assessments, and evaluations of the rate of tissue compression of the final prosthetic restoration, so long as the provisional had a perfect fit. RSS yields information on the transversal dimension and depth of the gingival sulcus. The procedure depends on the quality and characteristics of the provisional restoration, and is suitable only for cases in which the finish line of the final crown is at the same level or more coronal than that of the provisional