Lagrangian modelling of frazil ice in the ocean

A new modelling framework using Lagrangian particle tracking has been developed to assess dynamic and thermodynamic effects of underwater frazil ice. This frazil-ice model treats a Lagrangian particle as a bulk cluster of many frazil crystals, and calculates the thermodynamic growth of each particle and the corresponding budget of latent heat and fresh water. The effective density and viscosity of sea water depend on the mass fraction of underwater frazil ice, and hence affect ocean convection. An idealized experiment using our model successfully reproduces the formation of underwater frazil ice and its transition to grease ice at the surface. Because underwater frazil ice does not reduce the atmosphere/ocean heat exchange, surface heat flux and net sea-ice production in the experiment with frazil ice are relatively high compared with the experiment where surface cooling directly leads to columnar growth of a solid ice cover which effectively insulates the heat flux. These results suggest that large-scale sea-ice models which do not take account of the effects of frazil ice might underestimate atmosphere/ocean heat exchange, particularly at times of active new ice formation

Modeling sediment entrainment into newly formed sea ice

第6回極域科学シンポジウム分野横断セッション：[IA] 急変する北極気候システム及びその全球的な影響の総合的解明―GRENE北極気候変動研究事業研究成果報告2015―11月19日（木）　国立極地研究所 2階 大会議

Reliability and validity of the patient disability-oriented diagnostic nomenclature system for prosthetic dentistry

Purpose: The Japan Prosthodontic Society (JPS) has proposed a new diagnostic nomenclature system (DNS), based on pathogenesis and etiology, to facilitate and improve prosthodontic treatment. This systemspecifies patient disability and the causative factor (i.e. ‘‘B (disability) caused by A (causative factor)’’). The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of this DNS. Study selection: The JPS Clinical Guideline Committee assessed mock patient charts and formulated disease names using the new DNS. Fifty validators, comprising prosthodontic specialists and dental residents, made diagnoses using the same patient charts. Reliability was evaluated as the consistency of the disease names among the validators, and validity was evaluated using the concordance rate of the disease names with the reference disease names. Results: Krippendorff’s α was 0.378 among all validators, 0.370 among prosthodontic specialists, and 0.401 among dental hospital residents. Krippendorff’s α for 10 validators (3 specialists and 7 residents) with higher concordance rates was 0.524. Two validators (1 specialist and 1 resident) with the highest concordance rates had a Krippendorff’s α of 0.648. Common disease names had higher concordance rates, while uncommon disease names showed lower concordance rates. These rates did not show correlation with clinical experience of the validator or time taken to devise the disease name. Conclusions: High reliability was not found among all validators; however, validators with higher concordance rates showed better reliability. Furthermore, common disease names had higher concordance rates. These findings indicate that the new DNS for prosthodontic dentistry exhibits clinically acceptable reliability and validity

LASER LIGHT CONTROL OF SELF-ORGANIZATION PROCESS

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Laser Control of Self-Organization Process in Microscopic Region and Fabrication of Fine Microporous Structure

We present a controlling technique of microporous structure by laser irradiation during self-organization process. Self-organization process is fabrication method of microstructure. Polymer solution was dropped on the substrate at high humid condition. Water in air appears dropping air temperature below the dew point. The honeycomb structure with regularly aligned pores on the film was fabricated by attaching water droplets onto the solution surface. We demonstrate that it was possible to prevent forming pores at the region of laser irradiation and flat surface was fabricated. We also demonstrated that a combination structure with two pore sizes and flat surface was produced by a single laser-pulse irradiation. Our method is a unique microfabrication processing technique that combines the advantages of bottom-up and top-down techniques. This method is a promising technique that can be applied to produce for photonic crystals, biological cell culturing, surface science and electronics fields, and so forth

Data on the correlations among brand value, market capitalization, and consolidated overseas sales ratios of Japanese companies

This data article features a figure and tables that show the correlations among brand value by Brand Valuation (Interbrand Japan, Inc. Tokyo, Japan), market capitalization, and the consolidated overseas sales ratios of Japanese companies. The figure shows the scatter plot for market capitalization vs. brand value for Japanese companies. The lines in the plot show the regression fits for two groups of companies (domestic and global) with consolidated overseas sales ratios below or above 30%, respectively. The Pearson's correlation coefficients between brand value and market capitalization are calculated for global and domestic companies separately. Additionally, cross-tabulation statistics and Chi-square test of independence for brand values and consolidated overseas sales ratios were performed to assess their correlation

Flow Electrosynthesis and Molecular Weight Control of Polyphenylene Deriving from 1,4-Bis(trimethylsilyl)benzene: Effect of a Silyl Substituent on the Coupling Position

In this study, we have demonstrated electrochemical synthesis of polyphenylene (PP) deriving from 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)benzene using a flow microreactor. The electrochemical flow microreactor allowed effective synthesis of a soluble PP without its deposition. The molecular weight of PP could be controlled by selecting reaction conditions for the electrochemical polymerization in the microreactor. In addition, the role of trimethylsilyl (TMS) group in this reaction process was clarified by the comparison to the polymerization of unsubstituted benzene

Cathodic Aromatic C,C Cross-Coupling Reaction via Single Electron Transfer Pathway

We have successfully developed a novel cathodic cross-coupling reaction of aryl halides with arenes. Utilization of the cathodic single electron transfer (SET) mechanism for activation of aryl halides enables the cross-coupling reaction to proceed without the need for any transition metal catalysts or single electron donors in a mild condition. The SET from a cathode to an aryl halide initiates a radical chain by giving an anion radical of the aryl halide. The following propagation cycle also consists entirely of anion radical intermediates