Cuntz-Pimsner C*-algebras associated with subshifts

By using C*-correspondences and Cuntz-Pimsner algebras, we associate to every subshift (also called a shift space) $X$ a C*-algebra $O_X$, which is a generalization of the Cuntz-Krieger algebras. We show that $O_X$ is the universal C*-algebra generated by partial isometries satisfying relations given by $X$. We also show that $O_X$ is a one-sided conjugacy invariant of $X$.Comment: 28 pages. This is a slightly updated version of a preprint from 2004. Submitted for publication. In version 2 the Introduction has been changed, two remarks (Remark 7.6 and 7.7) have been added and the list of references has been update

X-Ray Evidence of an AGN in M82

An X-ray spectrum of the famous starburst galaxy M82 consists of three components: soft, medium, and hard components (Tsuru et al. 1997). The spectrum of the hard component, which is spatially unresolved, is well represented by an absorbed thermal bremsstrahlung, or an absorbed power-law model. However the origin of the hard component was unclear. Thus, we made a monitoring observation with ASCA in 1996. Although the X-ray flux of the soft and medium components remained constant, a significant time variability of the hard component was found between $3\times10^{40}$ erg/s and $1\times10^{41}$ erg/s at various time scales from 10 ks to a month. The temperature or photon index of the hard component also changed. We proved that the spatial position of the hard component is the center of M82. The spectrum of the variable source obtained by subtracting the spectrum of the lowest state from the highest state suggests the strong absorption of $N_{\rm H} \sim 10^{22}$ cm$^2$, which means the variable source is embedded in the center of M82. All these suggest that a low-luminosity AGN exists in M82.Comment: 15pages for text and tables. 13pages for figure

Complex-space singularities of 2D Euler flow in Lagrangian coordinates

We show that, for two-dimensional space-periodic incompressible flow, the solution can be evaluated numerically in Lagrangian coordinates with the same accuracy achieved in standard Eulerian spectral methods. This allows the determination of complex-space Lagrangian singularities. Lagrangian singularities are found to be closer to the real domain than Eulerian singularities and seem to correspond to fluid particles which escape to (complex) infinity by the current time. Various mathematical conjectures regarding Eulerian/Lagrangian singularities are presented.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Physica

Singularities of Euler flow? Not out of the blue!

Does three-dimensional incompressible Euler flow with smooth initial conditions develop a singularity with infinite vorticity after a finite time? This blowup problem is still open. After briefly reviewing what is known and pointing out some of the difficulties, we propose to tackle this issue for the class of flows having analytic initial data for which hypothetical real singularities are preceded by singularities at complex locations. We present some results concerning the nature of complex space singularities in two dimensions and propose a new strategy for the numerical investigation of blowup.(A version of the paper with higher-quality figures is available at http://www.obs-nice.fr/etc7/complex.pdf)Comment: RevTeX4, 10 pages, 9 figures. J.Stat.Phys. in press (updated version

Modeling with structure of resins in electonic compornents

In recent years, interfacial fracture becomes one of the most important problems in the assessment of reliability of electronics packaging. Especially, underfill resin is used with solder joints in flip chip packaging for preventing the thermal fatigue fracture in solder joints. In general, the interfacial strength has been evaluated on the basis of interfacial fracture mechanics concept. However, as the size of devices decrease, it is difficult to evaluate the interfacial strength quantitatively. Most of researches in the interfacial fracture were conducted on the basis of the assumption of the perfectly bonding condition though the interface has the micro-scale structure and the bonding is often imperfect. In this study, the mechanical model of the interfacial structure of resin in electronic components was proposed. Bimaterial model with the imperfect bonding condition was examined by using a finite element analysis (FEA). Stress field in the vicinity of interface depends on the interfacial structure with the imperfect bonding. In the front of interfacial crack tip, the behavior of process zone is affected by interfacial structure. However, the instability of fracture for macroscopic crack which means the fracture toughness is governed by the stress intensity factor based on the fracture mechanics concept.Comment: Submitted on behalf of TIMA Editions (http://irevues.inist.fr/tima-editions

Description of Four-Body Breakup Reaction with the Method of Continuum-Discretized Coupled-Channels

We present a method for smoothing discrete breakup $S$-matrix elements calculated by the method of continuum-discretized coupled-channels (CDCC). This smoothing method makes it possible to apply CDCC to four-body breakup reactions. The reliability of the smoothing method is confirmed for two cases, $^{58}$Ni($d$, $p n$) at 80 MeV and the $E1$ transition of $^6$He. We apply CDCC with the smoothing method to $^6$He breakup reaction at 22.5 MeV. Multi-step breakup processes are found to be important.Comment: 19 pages, 7 figures, published in Progress of Theoretical Physic