8,810 research outputs found
On Haag Duality for Pure States of Quantum Spin Chain
We consider quantum spin chains and their translationally invariant pure
states. We prove Haag duality for quasilocal observables localized in
semi-infinite intervals when the von Neumann algebras generated by observables
localized in these intervals are not type I
Entanglement, Haag-duality and type properties of infinite quantum spin chains
We consider an infinite spin chain as a bipartite system consisting of the
left and right half-chain and analyze entanglement properties of pure states
with respect to this splitting. In this context we show that the amount of
entanglement contained in a given state is deeply related to the von Neumann
type of the observable algebras associated to the half-chains. Only the type I
case belongs to the usual entanglement theory which deals with density
operators on tensor product Hilbert spaces, and only in this situation
separable normal states exist. In all other cases the corresponding state is
infinitely entangled in the sense that one copy of the system in such a state
is sufficient to distill an infinite amount of maximally entangled qubit pairs.
We apply this results to the critical XY model and show that its unique ground
state provides a particular example for this type of entanglement.Comment: LaTeX2e, 34 pages, 1 figure (pstricks
Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy of the electronic local density of states of graphite surfaces near monoatomic step edges
We measured the electronic local density of states (LDOS) of graphite
surfaces near monoatomic step edges, which consist of either the zigzag or
armchair edge, with the scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy
(STS) techniques. The STM data reveal that the and honeycomb superstructures coexist over a length scale of 3-4 nm
from both the edges. By comparing with density-functional derived nonorthogonal
tight-binding calculations, we show that the coexistence is due to a slight
admixing of the two types of edges at the graphite surfaces. In the STS
measurements, a clear peak in the LDOS at negative bias voltages from -100 to
-20 mV was observed near the zigzag edges, while such a peak was not observed
near the armchair edges. We concluded that this peak corresponds to the
graphite "edge state" theoretically predicted by Fujita \textit{et al.} [J.
Phys. Soc. Jpn. {\bf 65}, 1920 (1996)] with a tight-binding model for graphene
ribbons. The existence of the edge state only at the zigzag type edge was also
confirmed by our first-principles calculations with different edge
terminations.Comment: 20 pages, 11 figure
Color screening in a constituent quark model of hadronic matter
The effect of color screening on the formation of a heavy quark-antiquark
() bound state--such as the meson--is studied using a
constituent-quark model. The response of the nuclear medium to the addition of
two color charges is simulated directly in terms of its quark constituents via
a string-flip potential that allows for quark confinement within hadrons yet
enables the hadrons to separate without generating unphysical long-range
forces. Medium modifications to the properties of the heavy meson, such as its
energy and its mean-square radius, are extracted by solving Schr\"odinger's
equation for the pair in the presence of a (screened)
density-dependent potential. The density dependence of the heavy-quark
potential is in qualitative agreement with earlier studies of its temperature
dependence extracted from lattice calculations at finite temperature. In the
present model it is confirmed that abrupt changes in the properties of the
-meson in the hadronic medium ({\it plasma}), correlate strongly with
the deconfining phase transition.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, submitted to PRC for publication, uses revtex
CP^1+U(1) Lattice Gauge Theory in Three Dimensions: Phase Structure, Spins, Gauge Bosons, and Instantons
In this paper we study a 3D lattice spin model of CP Schwinger-bosons
coupled with dynamical compact U(1) gauge bosons. The model contains two
parameters; the gauge coupling and the hopping parameter of CP bosons. At
large (weak) gauge couplings, the model reduces to the classical O(3) (O(4))
spin model with long-range and/or multi-spin interactions. It is also closely
related to the recently proposed "Ginzburg-Landau" theory for quantum phase
transitions of quantum spin systems on a 2D square lattice at zero
temperature. We numerically study the phase structure of the model by
calculating specific heat, spin correlations, instanton density, and
gauge-boson mass. The model has two phases separated by a critical line of
second-order phase transition; O(3) spin-ordered phase and spin-disordered
phase. The spin-ordered phase is the Higgs phase of U(1) gauge dynamics,
whereas the disordered phase is the confinement phase. We find a crossover in
the confinement phase which separates dense and dilute regions of instantons.
On the critical line, spin excitations are gapless, but the gauge-boson mass is
{\it nonvanishing}. This indicates that a confinement phase is realized on the
critical line. To confirm this point, we also study the noncompact version of
the model. A possible realization of a deconfinement phase on the criticality
is discussed for the CP+U(1) model with larger .Comment: Discussion of finite size scaling, O(4) spin correlation adde
Self-Reduction Rate of a Microtubule
We formulate and study a quantum field theory of a microtubule, a basic
element of living cells. Following the quantum theory of consciousness by
Hameroff and Penrose, we let the system to reduce to one of the classical
states without measurement if certain conditions are
satisfied(self-reductions), and calculate the self-reduction time (the
mean interval between two successive self-reductions) of a cluster consisting
of more than neighboring tubulins (basic units composing a microtubule).
is interpreted there as an instance of the stream of consciousness. We
analyze the dependence of upon and the initial conditions, etc.
For relatively large electron hopping amplitude, obeys a power law
, which can be explained by the percolation theory. For
sufficiently small values of the electron hopping amplitude, obeys an
exponential law, . By using this law, we estimate the
condition for to take realistic values
\raisebox{-0.5ex}{} sec as \raisebox{-0.5ex}
{} 1000.Comment: 7 pages, 9 figures, Extended versio
Quarkonium formation in statistical and kinetic models
I review the present status of two related models addressing scenarios in
which the formation of heavy quarkonium states in high energy heavy ion
collisions proceed via "off-diagonal" combinations of a quark and an antiquark.
The physical process involved belongs to a general class of quark
"recombination", although technically the recombining quarks here were never
previously bound in a quarkonium state. Features of these processes relevant as
a signature of color deconfinement are discussed.Comment: 6 pages, 8 figures, based on invited plenary talk at Hard Probes
2004, Ericeira, Portugal, November 3-11, 2004, to appear in the proceeding
Effects of a Supermassive Black Hole Binary on a Nuclear Gas Disk
We study influence of a galactic central supermassive black hole (SMBH)
binary on gas dynamics and star formation activity in a nuclear gas disk by
making three-dimensional Tree+SPH simulations. Due to orbital motions of SMBHs,
there are various resonances between gas motion and the SMBH binary motion. We
have shown that these resonances create some characteristic structures of gas
in the nuclear gas disk, for examples, gas elongated or filament structures,
formation of gaseous spiral arms, and small gas disks around SMBHs. In these
gaseous dense regions, active star formations are induced. As the result, many
star burst regions are formed in the nuclear region.Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
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