On the tldes of the Seto Inland

We studied on the following elements of the tides in the Seto Inland Sea. (I) Meteorological tides observed at four tidal stations (Uno, Takamatsu, Matsuyama and Kure) during the recent five years, 1952-1956. (Appendix Table 1.) (2) The profiles of the tidal level along the east-westward section of the Sea in different seasons. Osaka, Kobe, Akashi, Takamatsu, Imabari, Hashihama, Mitsuhama and Dannoura were selected as the standard stations for the calculation of the sea level. (3) Harmonic and non-harmonic constants for the tidal stations located in the Sea. (4) The time difference and the ratio of the range of tide for the tidal stations in the Sea. I. Meteorological tides at the four stations were computed numerically with the following formula: Δh = Ht - (Ht-25 + Ht+25) / 2 Δh : Height of the meteorological tide. Ht : Observed height of tide at the time when the meteorological tide Δh occurred. Ht-25, Ht+25 : Observed heights of tide 25 hours before and after H, was observed, respectively. II. Simultaneous heights of tide at the 15 base stations (which are distributed between Osaka and Dannoura over a distance of about 260 nautical miles (Text-fig. I)) are shown in Text-figs. 2-1 to 2-8 for different seasons of the year. From these figures we can see the sectional configuration of the sea level in various seasons, and are enabled to predict the districts where local slope currents will occur. III. By taking advantage of the tidal currents, one can greatly reduce the time of navigation in traversing the Seto Inland Sea from the east to the west (or in the reverse direction). For example, as is shown in Text-figs. 3-1 to 3-3, a ship with a self-propelling speed of 6 knots and cruising from Osaka to Moji (about 260 nautical miles) can save about 7 hours by making the best use of tidal currents, as compared with the same ship navigating against tidal currents. IV. The latest values of harmonic constants for 142 stations are summarized in Appendix Table 2. Non-harmonic constants for these stations were calculated from the latest data of tidal observations and are summarized in the following charts: 1. Mean high water interval (Text-fig. 4-1) 2. Diurnal inequality (Text-fig. 4-2) 3. Mean tidal range (Text-fig. 4-3) 4. Spring range (Text-fig. 4-4) 5. Neap range (Text-fig. 4-5) 6. Spring rise (Text-fig. 4-6) 7. Neap rise (Text-fig. 4-7) V. In Appendix Table 3 we have shown the new time differences and ratios of the range of tide to be applied to the results of tidal observations at the 138 stations located in the Seto Inland Sea and Tosa Bay. In computing these values, we selected as standard stations those 20 stations whose tidal elements had been observed and published in the tide tables by the Meteorological Agency or by the Maritime Safety Agency

Current Immunotherapeutic Approaches in Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive and notoriously difficult to treat. As the vast majority of patients are diagnosed at advanced stage of the disease, only a small population is curative by surgical resection. Although gemcitabine-based chemotherapy is typically offered as standard of care, most patients do not survive longer than 6 months. Thus, new therapeutic approaches are needed. Pancreatic cancer cells that develop gemcitabine resistance would still be suitable targets for immunotherapy. Therefore, one promising treatment approach may be immunotherapy that is designed to target pancreatic-cancer-associated antigens. In this paper, we detail recent work in immunotherapy and the advances in concept of combination therapy of immunotherapy and chemotherapy. We offer our perspective on how to increase the clinical efficacy of immunotherapies for pancreatic cancer

脳シンチグラフィ用剤としての99mTc-グルコネイトの有用性-特に腫瘍と非腫瘍性疾患の鑑別に関して-

金沢大学大学院医学系研究

Factor structure of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in Japanese psychiatric outpatient and student populations

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a common screening instrument excluding somatic symptoms of depression and anxiety, but previous studies have reported inconsistencies of its factor structure. The construct validity of the Japanese version of the HADS has yet to be reported. To examine the factor structure of the HADS in a Japanese population is needed.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted in the combined data of 408 psychiatric outpatients and 1069 undergraduate students. The data pool was randomly split in half for a cross validation. An exploratory factor analysis was performed on one half of the data, and the fitness of the plausible model was examined in the other half of the data using a confirmatory factor analysis. Simultaneous multi-group analyses between the subgroups (outpatients vs. students, and men vs. women) were subsequently conducted.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A two-factor model where items 6 and 7 had dual loadings was supported. These factors were interpreted as reflecting anxiety and depression. Item 10 showed low contributions to both of the factors. Simultaneous multi-group analyses indicated a factor pattern stability across the subgroups.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The Japanese version of HADS indicated good factorial validity in our samples. However, ambiguous wording of item 7 should be clarified in future revisions.</p