Micrometeorological Characteristics in a Sand Dune (I) : On the Heat Balance Properties

he micrometeorological environment in which plants and animals live changes drastically within a few centimeters from the surface into the soil or into the air. The properties of this phenomena are conspicuous in a sand dune. In this paper，we present the observation results of heat balance properties in a sand dune，and compared these results with the numerical experiments results. Numerical experiments for obtaining the diurnal changes in soil temperature were made by giving values to the boundary conditions，that is，the wind velocity，the air temperature and vapor pressure at a height of 100 meters，as well as the conductivity of the soil and the soil temperature at a depth of 1 meter. The resu1ts obtained in this study can be summarized as follows; (1) When the heat capacity and heat conductivity are small，the soil temperature near the surface rises higher during the day and lower at night，compared with a large heat capacity and heat conductivity. These theoretical results coincide with the observation results. (2) In the case of a wet surface，latent heat flux increases，but energy storage in the soil is very complicated by the thermal properties of the soil. As mentioned above，fairly reasonable agreement can be obtained between simulation experiments and observation results，but to predict more accurately the heat flux budget in a sand dune，we need to properly specify the degree of soil moisture and thermal property

Laparoscopic Diagnosis and Laparoscopic Hyperthermic Intraoperative Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Detected by CT Examination

Background. Patients with early stage of pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) are sometimes difficult to diagnose the primary sites and intraperitoneal spread of tumor and to perform a cytological study. Methods. Patients without a definitive diagnosis and with unknown extent of peritoneal spread of tumor underwent laparoscopy. Hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) was administered as part of the same intervention. The results of treatment were evaluated at the time of second-look laparotomy (SLL) as a subsequent intervention. Results. Eleven patients were managed by diagnostic laparoscopy followed by laparoscopic HIPEC (LHIPEC). The operation time of laparoscopic examination and LHIPEC was 177 ± 26 min (range 124–261 min). No intraoperative complication was experienced. The peritoneal carcinomatosis index (PCI) score by laparoscopic observation was 16.5 ± 6.4 (range 0–30). One patient with localized pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) mucocele did not received LHIPEC; the other 10 patients with peritoneal metastases (PM) were treated with LHIPEC. After LHIPEC, ascites disappeared in 2 cases and decreased in the amount in the other 8 cases. Nine patients underwent SLL and cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with HIPEC. The duration between LHIPEC and SLL ranged from 40 to 207 days (97 ± 40 days). The PCI at the SLL ranged from 4 to 27 (12.9 ± 7.1). The PCI at the time of SLL decreased as compared to PCI at the time of diagnostic laparotomy in 7 of 9 patients. Median follow-up period is 22 months (range 7–35). All 11 patients are alive. Conclusion. The early results suggest that laparoscopic diagnosis combined with LHIPEC is useful to determine the surgical treatment plan and reduce the tumor burden before definitive CRS at SLL