944 research outputs found
The Reionization History and Early Metal Enrichment inferred from the Gamma-Ray Burst Rate
Based on the gamma-ray burst (GRB) event rate at redshifts of , which is assessed by the spectral peak energy-to-luminosity relation
recently found by Yonetoku et al., we observationally derive the star formation
rate (SFR) for Pop III stars in a high redshift universe. As a result, we find
that Pop III stars could form continuously at . Using the
derived Pop III SFR, we attempt to estimate the ultraviolet (UV) photon
emission rate at in which redshift range no observational
information has been hitherto obtained on ionizing radiation intensity. We find
that the UV emissivity at can make a noticeable contribution
to the early reionization. The maximal emissivity is higher than the level
required to keep ionizing the intergalactic matter at .
However, if the escape fraction of ionizing photons from Pop III objects is
smaller than 10%, then the IGM can be neutralized at some redshift, which may
lead to the double reionization. As for the enrichment, the ejection of all
metals synthesized in Pop III objects is marginally consistent with the IGM
metallicity, although the confinement of metals in Pop III objects can reduce
the enrichment significantly.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures, ApJL accepte
Novel phase transition and the pressure effect in YbFe2Al10-type CeT2Al10 (T=Fe, Ru, Os)
We have succeeded in growing single crystals of orthorhombic CeT2Al10 (T=Fe,
Ru, Os) by Al self-flux method for the first time, and measured the electrical
resistivity at pressures up to 8 GPa, the magnetic susceptibility and specific
heat at ambient pressure. These results indicate that CeT2Al10 belongs to the
heavy fermion compounds. CeRu2Al10 and CeOs2Al10 show a similar phase
transition at T0 = 27.3 and 28.7 K, respectively. The temperature dependences
in the ordered phases are well described by the thermally activated form,
suggesting that partial gap opens over the Fermi surfaces below T0. When
pressure is applied to CeRu2Al10, T0 disappears suddenly between 3 and 4 GPa,
and CeRu2Al10 turns into a Kondo insulator, followed by a metal. The similarity
of CeT2Al10 under respective pressures suggests a scaling relation by some
parameter controlling the unusual physics in these compounds.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure
NMR and NQR study of pressure-induced superconductivity and the origin of critical-temperature enhancement in the spin-ladder cuprate SrCaCuO
Pressure-induced superconductivity was studied for a spin-ladder cuprate
SrCaCuO using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) under
pressures up to the optimal pressure 3.8 GPa. Pressure application leads to a
transitional change from a spin-gapped state to a Fermi-liquid state at
temperatures higher than . The relaxation rate shows
activated-type behavior at an onset pressure, whereas Korringa-like behavior
becomes predominant at the optimal pressure, suggesting that an increase in the
density of states (DOS) at the Fermi energy leads to enhancement of .
Nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) spectra suggest that pressure application
causes transfer of holes from the chain to the ladder sites. The transfer of
holes increases DOS below the optimal pressure. A dome-shaped versus
pressure curve arises from naive balance between the transfer of holes and
broadening of the band width
Kondo effect in CeX (X=S, Se, Te) studied by electrical resistivity under high pressure
We have measured the electrical resistivity of cerium monochalcogenices, CeS,
CeSe, and CeTe, under high pressures up to 8 GPa. Pressure dependences of the
antiferromagnetic ordering temperature , crystal field splitting, and
the anomaly of the Kondo effect have been studied to cover the whole
region from the magnetic ordering regime at low pressure to the Fermi liquid
regime at high pressure. initially increases with increasing pressure,
and starts to decrease at high pressure as expected from the Doniach's diagram.
Simultaneously, the behavior in the resistivity is enhanced, indicating
the enhancement of the Kondo effect by pressure. It is also characteristic in
CeX that the crystal field splitting rapidly decreases at a common rate
of K/GPa. This leads to the increase in the degeneracy of the state
and further enhancement of the Kondo effect. It is shown that the pressure
dependent degeneracy of the state is a key factor to understand the
pressure dependence of , Kondo effect, magnetoresistance, and the peak
structure in the temperature dependence of resistivity.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in J. Phys. Soc. Jp
Structure and magnetism in nanocrystalline Ca(La)B films
Nanocrystalline films of La-doped CaB have been fabricated by using a
rf-magnetron sputtering. Lattice expansion of up to 6% with respect to the bulk
value was observed along the direction perpendicular to the film plane, which
arises from the trapping of Ar gas into the film. Large ferromagnetic moment of
3 ~ 4 Bohr magneton per La has been observed in some La-doped films only when
the lattice expansion rate is larger than 2.5%.Comment: 2 pages, 2 figures, to appear in J. Magn. Magn. Mate
Development of a High-performance Optical System and Fluorescent Converters for High-resolution Neutron Imaging
AbstractTwo novel devices for use in neutron imaging technique are introduced. The first one is a high-performance optical lens for video camera systems. The lens system has a magnification of 1:1 and an F value of 3. The optical resolution is less than 5 μm. The second device is a high-resolution fluorescent plate that converts neutrons into visible light. The fluorescent converter material consists of a mixture of 6LiF and ZnS(Ag) fine powder, and the thickness of the converter is material is as little as 15 μm. The surface of the plate is coated with a 1 μm-thick gadolinium oxide layer. This layer is optically transparent and acts as an electron emitter for neutron detection. Our preliminary results show that the developed optical lens and fluorescent converter plates are very promising for high-resolution neutron imaging
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