Physical Activity in the School and its Role in Child Cognition

National physical activity guidelines call for children and adolescents to participate in at least 60 minutes per day of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity, including aerobic, resistance and bone strengthening exercise. Although children and adolescents are more physically active than most adults, only the youngest age group (6-7 year olds) consistently meets the national physical activity recommendations. In the United States, 42% of 6-11 year olds and 8% of 12-19 year olds meet the recommended guidelines. The 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report concluded that there is strong evidence that higher amounts of physical activity are associated with more favorable status for multiple health indicators including cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, bone health, weight status and adiposity and moderate evidence that physical activity is associated with cardiometabolic health. It has been demonstrated that high amounts of physical activity lead to more than just improved health. Physical activity improves academic performance, behavior, attendance, and attention. Further, children are happier and have a higher self-esteem and sense of belonging. Unfortunately, many schools are decreasing or eliminating physical education and recess, limiting opportunities for children to participate in physical activity and increasing the time spent sitting in the classroom. In this project, I researched the benefits that physical activity has on cognition in school-aged children and surveyed a sample of elementary and secondary schools in Rhode Island to gather information on the amount of time that students spent per week being physically active in physical education classes and in recess. Because the majority of children are not meeting recommended guidelines, physical education classes and recess are great tools to get students moving. Schools are a safe and convenient place to change physical activity patterns

Redox regulation of focal adhesions

Focal adhesions (FAs), multi-protein complexes that link the extracellular matrix to the intracellular cytoskeleton, are key mediators of cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. These dynamic structures act as mechanical sensors, transmitting stimuli from the extracellular to intracellular environment activating in this way signaling pathways and enabling cells to adapt to environmental changes. As such, FAs are critical for tissue organization and serve as hubs governing cell spatial arrangement within the organism. The assembly, reactivity, and functional regulation of FAs are tightly controlled by post-translational modifications, including redox modulation by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Increasing evidence suggests that redox signaling plays a pivotal role in both the physiological and pathological functions of FAs and their downstream processes. Redox regulation affects various components of the FA complex, including integrins, focal adhesion kinase 1 (FAK1), SRC, adapter proteins, and cytoskeletal elements. In this review, we provide an updated overview of the complex interplay between redox signaling and post-translational modifications in FAs. We explore how redox reactions influence the structure, dynamics, and function of FAs, shedding light on their broader implications in health and disease

Adjunctive cenobamate in people with focal onset seizures: Insights from the Italian Expanded Access Program

Objective: This study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness/tolerability of adjunctive cenobamate, variations in the load of concomitant antiseizure medications (ASMs) and predictors of clinical response in people with focal epilepsy. Methods: This was a retrospective study at 21 centers participating in the Italian Expanded Access Program. Effectiveness outcomes included retention and responder rates (>= 50% and 100% reduction in baseline seizure frequency). Tolerability/safety outcomes included the rate of treatment discontinuation due to adverse events (AEs) and their incidence. Total drug load was quantified as the number of concomitant ASMs and total defined daily dose (DDD). Concomitant ASMs were also classified according to their mechanism of action and pharmacokinetic interactions to perform explorative subgroup analyses. Results: A total of 236 subjects with a median age of 38 (Q(1)-Q(3) = 27-49) years were included. At 12 months, cenobamate retention rate was 78.8% and responders were 57.5%. The seizure freedom rates during the preceding 3 months were 9.8%, 12.2%, 16.3%, and 14.0% at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. A higher percentage of responders was observed among subjects treated with clobazam, although the difference was not statistically significant. A total of 223 AEs were recorded in 133 of 236 participants, leading to cenobamate discontinuation in 8.5% cases. At 12 months, a reduction of one or two concomitant ASMs occurred in 42.6% and 4.3% of the subjects. The median total DDD of all concomitant ASMs decreased from 3.34 (Q(1)-Q(3) = 2.50-4.47) at baseline to 2.50 (Q(1)-Q(3) = 1.67-3.50) at 12 months (p < .001, median percentage reduction = 22.2%). The highest rates of cotreatment withdrawal and reductions in the DDD were observed for sodium channel blockers and gamma-aminobutyric acidergic modulators (above all for those linked to pharmacokinetic interactions), and perampanel. Significance: Adjunctive cenobamate was associated with a reduction in seizure frequency and in the burden of concomitant ASMs in adults with difficult-to-treat focal epilepsy. The type of ASM associated did not influence effectiveness except for a favorable trend with clobazam

Traitement de l'exposition pulpaire de la dent permanente immature vitale

Immature permanent teeth may be subject to bacterial attack or dental trauma. Their anatomical and histological specificities amended the therapeutic approach from that of mature permanent teeth. The challenge for the treatment will be to preserve pulp vitality and to allow complete root edification. In this work, we will detail the interest of apexogenesis in the phenomena of bacterial aggression and dental trauma, the indications and contraindications of the different techniques available according to the clinical situations and the materials used for each treatment.Les dents permanentes immatures peuvent être soumises aux agressions bactériennes ou aux traumatismes dentaires. De par leur spécificités anatomiques et histologiques l’approche thérapeutique diffère de celle des dents permanentes matures. L’enjeu pour le traitement de ces dents, quand cela est possible, sera de préserver la vitalité pulpaire et de permettre l’édification radiculaire complète. Dans ce travail, nous détaillerons l’intérêt de l’apexogénèse dans les phénomènes d’agression bactérienne et de traumatisme dentaire, les indications et contre-indications des différentes techniques disponibles en fonction des situations cliniques et les matériaux utilisés pour chaque traitement

Fault delineation and stress orientations from the analysis of background, low magnitude seismicity in Southern Apennines (Italy)

The aim of this work was to show that refined analyses of background, low magnitude seismicity allow to delineate the main active faults and to accurately estimate the directions of the regional tectonic stress that characterize the Southern Apennines (Italy), a structurally complex area with high seismic potential. Thanks the presence in the area of an integrated dense and wide dynamic network, was possible to analyzed an high quality microearthquake data-set consisting of 1312 events that occurred from August 2005 to April 2011 by integrating the data recorded at 42 seismic stations of various networks. The refined seismicity location and focal mechanisms well delineate a system of NW-SE striking normal faults along the Apenninic chain and an approximately E-W oriented, strike-slip fault, transversely cutting the belt. The seismicity along the chain does not occur on a single fault but in a volume, delimited by the faults activated during the 1980 Irpinia M 6.9 earthquake, on sub-parallel predominant normal faults. Results show that the recent low magnitude earthquakes belongs to the background seismicity and they are likely generated along the major fault segments activated during the most recent earthquakes, suggesting that they are still active today thirty years after the mainshock occurrences. In this sense, this study gives a new perspective to the application of the high quality records of low magnitude background seismicity for the identification and characterization of active fault systems. The analysis of the stress tensor inversion provides two equivalent models to explain the microearthquake generation along both the NW-SE striking normal faults and the E- W oriented fault with a dominant dextral strike-slip motion, but having different geological interpretations. We suggest that the NW-SE-striking Africa-Eurasia convergence acts in the background of all these structures, playing a primary and unifying role in the seismotectonics of the whole region

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF AN ATM SWITCH SUPPORTING A CIRCUIT EMULATION TECHNIQUE

This paper deals with the performance evaluation of an ATM switch which implements the Circuit Emulation Mode (CEM). According to this approach, the switch is able to guarantee a constant switching delay to every cell belonging to isochronous calls, whereas a variable delay service is offered to non-isochronous cells. Moreover, a fully distributed control scheme for set-up of CEM calls, called the flooding technique, is described and analysed. An M/G/1/K queueing model, in which the service has been modelled taking into account the blocking characteristics of a delta network, has been utilized for the performance analysis of the flooding scheme. A mixed approach however, has been developed for the analysis of the overall switch performance. Obtained results show that the design constraints in terms of loss probability for the PM traffic can be satisfied by means a proper dimensioning of the network resources. Moreover, it is shown that the flooding technique can be used in a wide context, even if the CEM load is high or the call holding times are very short

High resolution seismicity catalog of the Marmara Sea region during the 2009-2014 period using template matching

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A massive template-matching approach is successfully applied in Marmara Sea region along &amp;amp;#160;the North Anatolian Fault, during the 2009-2014 period to enrich the description of the time and space evolution of the seismicity. Detection of events are performed on the continuous data recorded from 2009 to 2014 combining two types of catalogs as templates: a finely constructed catalog for the three first year (2009-2011) (Schmittbuhl et al, 2016) and a raw catalog from KOERI for the last three years (2012-2014).&amp;amp;#160; Magnitudes (Ml) are estimated for all detected events using relative amplitudes of the highly coherent waveforms between new events and template events. The template database provides a nearly threefold increase of the number of small events (more than 15000 earthquakes compare to the 4673 events of the initial catalog). Combined with a double-difference relocation based on cross-correlation differential travel-time data, the database is shown to be a relevant framework for the long term monitoring of specific remanent structures like seismic swarms or repeating earthquakes. The obtained catalog confirms the strong contrast of behaviors along the Main Marmara Fault (MMF): deep creeping to the west (Central Basin), fully locked in the center (Kumburgaz Basin) and dominated by fluid and off-fault activity to the east (Cinarcik Basin).&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; </jats:p