The Effect of Social Media on Women’s Body Satisfaction

Color poster with text, images, and graphs.Instagram is a form of social media that allows users to engage in and share photos to the world, and today Instagram has over one billion users worldwide. Past research by Sherlock and Wagstaff (2018) suggests that Instagram use may add to negative psychological outcomes such as worse self-perception and increased self-objectification. The goal of this research is to better understand how Instagram affects young women’s (age 18-26) body image and satisfaction using the “fitspiration” hashtag. Many people—young people in --are heavily influenced by social media, and users should be made more aware of social media’s potentially negative influence.University of Wisconsin--Eau Claire Office of Research and Sponsored Program

Remodelage dynamique de gels de protéines (études de transitions de gélification catalysées par des enzymes à activités antagonistes)

De nombreux processus sains ou pathologiques nécessitent le remodelage enzymatique de l'environnement cellulaire. Une succession de transitions de phases catalysées enzymatiquement guide ce type de processus.Nous avons étudié la transition de gélification d'un biopolymère : la gélatine. Cette protéine gélifiant en température, a été mise en présence d'enzymes antagonistes : la transglutaminase qui crée des liens covalents entre les chaînes de gélatine favorisant la gélification, et la thermolysine qui hydrolyse les chaînes de gélatine et déstabilise les réseaux.Les propriétés viscoélastiques et l'architecture du réseau protéique sont observées respectivement en rhéologie et en polarimétrie.Nous avons dans un premier temps caractérisé le gel Physique de gélatine, et confirmé que l'élasticité du gel n'était induite que par le renaturation des chaînes de gélatine en triples hélices.Dans un deuxième temps la gélification a été catalysée par la transglutaminase pour former un gel Chimique. Par différents protocoles de température des gels chimique-physique et Physique-chimique sont réalisés. Le développement des hélices au sein de ce type de réseau est décrit. Les réseaux de liens covalents et de triples hélices peuvent coexister et conférer de nouvelles propriétés de résistance à la dégradation par la thermolysine.Enfin l'action concomitante de la thermolysine et de la transglutaminase, sur la gélification de la gélatine a permis de décrire des gels dynamiques. En effet, comme dans les processus de remodelage, une gélification suivie d'une hydrolyse est observée. Un modèle enzymatique permet d'interpréter simplement le système.Many physiological or pathological processes require an enzymatic remodelling of the cellular environment. A succession of enzymatical catalysed phases transitions guide this kind of events.We studied the gelation transition of a biopolymer: gelatin. This protein gelling in temperature was mixed with antagonistic enzymes: the transglutaminase which support gelation by creating covalent bonds between the gelatin chains, and the thermolysin which destabilizes the networks by hydrolyzes the gelatin chains. The viscoelastic properties and the architecture of the protein network are observed respectively in rheology and polarimetry.We initially characterized the physical gelatin gel, and confirmed that the elasticity of gel was induced only by renaturation of the gelatin chains in triple helix.In the second time gelation was catalysed by the transglutaminase to form a Chemical gel. By various protocols of temperature Chemical-physics and Physics-chemical gel are realized. The development of the helices within this type of network is described. The networks of covalent bonds and triple helix can coexist and confer new properties of resistance to degradation by thermolysin.Finally the concomitant action of the thermolysin and transglutaminase on the gelatine's gelation lead to describe a dynamical gel. Indeed a gelation followed of hydrolyze is observed as in the processes of remodelling. An enzymatic model conduces to a basically system interpretation.CERGY PONTOISE-BU Neuville (951272102) / SudocCERGY PONTOISE-BU Saint-Martin (951272103) / SudocSudocFranceF

'Talking the talk or walking the walk?' : A bibliometric review of the literature on public involvement in health research published between 1995 and 2009

Objectives: To characterise the literature on public involvement in health research published between 1995 and 2009. Methods: Papers were identified from three systematic reviews, one narrative review and two bibliographies. The analysis identified journals where papers were published; countries of lead authors; types of public involved; health topic areas; and stages of research involving the public. Papers were also classified as to whether they were literature reviews or empirical studies; focused on participatory/action research; were qualitative, quantitative or mixed-method. The number of papers published per year was also examined. Findings: Of the 683 papers identified, 297 were of USA origin and 223 were of UK origin. Of the 417 empirical papers: (i) participatory/action research approach was dominant, together with qualitative data collection methods; (ii) the stage of research the public was most involved was question identification; (iii) indigenous groups were most commonly involved; (iv) mental health was the most common health topic. Published studies peaked in 2006. Conclusions: The present study identifies publication patterns in public involvement in health research and provides evidence to suggest that researchers increasingly are 'walking the walk' with respect to public involvement, with empirical studies consistently out-numbering literature reviews from 1998.Peer reviewe

What does it mean to involve consumers successfully in NHS research? A consensus study

Objective: To obtain consensus on the principles and indicators of successful consumer involvement in NHS research. Design: Consensus methods were used. An expert workshop, employing the nominal group technique was used to generate potential principles and indicators. A two-round postal Delphi process was used to obtain consensus on the principles and indicators. Setting and participants: Participants were drawn from health, social care, universities and consumer organizations. A purposive sampling strategy was used to identify people who had experience and/or knowledge of consumer involvement in NHS research. Six researchers and seven consumers participated in an expert workshop. Ninety-six people completed both rounds of the Delphi process. Main outcome measures: Consensus on principles and indicators of successful consumer involvement in NHS research. Results: Eight principles were developed through an expert workshop and Delphi process, and rated as both clear and valid. Consensus was reached on at least one clear and valid indicator by which to measure each principle. Conclusions: Consensus has been obtained on eight principles of successful consumer involvement in NHS research. They may help commissioners, researchers and consumers to deepen their understanding of this issue, and can be used to guide good practice