Landscape Urban Structure Design - S. Romão Sportive Park, Leiria Polis, Portugal

It is due to the modern movement the loss of both landscape and open spaces multifunctionality. Consequently, it merges the term of “green spaces” amorphous and residual, often void and without any appropriation, so characteristic of the contemporary city. This study is a reflexion about and a practice result of the return to these spaces multifunctionality through a landscape structure on the urban space. We want this structure to be continuous, structuring and assuring biologic processes and fluxes that occur in the landscape systems. We present the casestudy of S. Romão Sportive Park included in Polis Program of Leiria City, in Portugal. It is a system of open spaces that constitutes itself as a landscape structure, continuous and multifunctional

Namúli Mount, the Identity and the Landscape of Gurué

This reflection arises from a look at the African landscape, the mountains and their ecosystems, the agriculture, the heritage, communities and identity. This is about the landscape, which integrates man and territory, and its multifunctionality that includes the production system (agriculture), protection (ecosystems, flows and ecological processes) and the cultural system (communities and the way they build space). This set constitutes a complex and relational system resulting in the identity of a region and the communities that inhabit it. The excessive exploitation of natural resources and the tendency towards the growth of an economy based on tourism, causes the transformation of the landscape to occur in the sense of losing its character, its culture and, consequently, its identity. The objective of this work is to identify invariants of this landscape, which can be considered in future proposals for planning and management plans for this area, in order to preserve the Gurué landscape and its identity. Through an analysis of the existing cartography and bibliography, the natural systems, their flows and processes and the cultural and heritage elements of this area were first identified and characterized. Based on this diagnostic phase, invariant elements (either natural or cultural) that determine the culture and identity of this landscape and must therefore be safeguarded and maintained, were identified. The guidelines appear later, in this sense - the preservation of fundamental values in the culture and identity of Namúli Mount and the landscape of Gurué, where it is inserted

A Reinvenção da Multifuncionalidade da Paisagem em Espaço Urbano - Reflexões

Ao conceito de paisagem é inerente uma multifuncionalidade histórica, que se associa desde sempre aos conceitos e às práticas do recreio, da protecção e da produção. Esta multifuncionalidade perdeu-se com o movimento moderno, daqui surgindo o espaço verde amorfo e residual e o espaço intersticial, vazio e sem apropriação, tão característicos da cidade contemporânea. Este estudo é uma reflexão acerca do retorno à multifuncionalidade perdida através da recuperação da ocorrência simultânea das funções produtiva, de recreio e de protecção, numa estrutura de paisagem que se quer contínua, estruturante e que assegure a ocorrência dos processos e fluxos dos vários sistemas que constroem a paisagem. Consideramos que a agricultura urbana deverá incluir esta estrutura pois para além de assegurar a sua função produtiva, é perfeitamente compatível com os princípios holísticos da arquitectura paisagista e inteiramente pertinente na conjuntura mundial de crise e do aumento de população urbana previsto nas próximas décadas

Temperature Changes on Land Surface in the Context of Urbanization in Quy Nhon City, Viet Nam

Quy Nhon city is a grade 1 city situated in Binh Dinh province, in Viet Nam. Its population was 481.110 inhabitants and it had an urbanization rate of 60% in 2019, while Quy nhon population numbered just 260.000 in 2017. In order to evaluate the relationship between urban heat island and land cover, we used Landsat satellite imagery from 1990 to 2020 to classify the land cover by using the Support Vector Machine learning method (SVM). The classified results were evaluated with the test samples from the field survey. The accuracy is above 77%, which is reliable enough for use in research. To create the surface temperature layer, we used band 6 in the Landsat 5 ETM remote sensing imagery and bands 10, 11 in the Landsat 8 imagery. The results were calculated the surface temperature for the study area. The study carried out statistics of surface temperature value with land cover. The results show that Quy Nhon city has become warmer since 2005, which witnessed a significant increase, compared with roughly 4 degrees in 1996 and around 9 degrees in 1990. And the temperature in the urban land area is between 30 and 35 degrees. During this period, the classification results show that urban land has rapidly expanded. Especially from 2005 up to now, Quy Nhon city has witnessed a strong urban expansion, agricultural land, and water surface have been changed into urban land. To determine the area of urban heat islands we used the urban heat index (UHI). The results show that the heat island phenomenon increases with urbanization in the city and tends to increase over the years. This research result is a practical basis to propose suitable spatial and landscape planning solutions for the city, towards green and sustainable urban development

The ethics and aesthetics of allotment gardens

Since the ‘70s of the twentieth century, with the contribution of Rosario Assunto, landscape becomes a comprehensive and inclusive concept, in which is inherent the experience of space. For this author landscape is an aesthetic reality that we contemplate living in it. In the landscape is reflected the free creative action of man - the landscape is an art product, and of a human action aimed at changing the nature, towards the good and the beautiful. Considering this idea of space as vital experience, as fundamental in the concept of landscape, it is our aim to address, ethically and aesthetically, allotment gardens as a space of the landscape, which includes, in fact, the living experience, even when is just contemplated. In this sequence it will be used the example of the allotment gardens of Lisbon and the work that has been developed to include these spaces in the city planning

Lisbon_European_Green_Capital_2020_the_a.pdf

The main objective of this paper is to define the role and the importance of the urban allotment gardens in the consideration of Lisbon as the European Green Capital in 2020. In the first part of the paper, we seek to trace the historical evolution of vegetable gardens in the context of city development. In the second part, one proceeds to its mapping and its identification and characterization considering the multiple functions that allotment gardens play both to improve the quality of the urban environment and to improve the quality of human life. In this sense, the different ecosystem services that allotment gardens provide to the society are addressed, as well as their contribution to the qualification of Lisbon's urban landscape and urban food systems. For this, we used a research methodology that crossed the field work (the survey of the vegetable gardens), with bibliographic and documentary sources. The present diachronic and diatopic study about urban allotment gardens in Lisbon aims to legitimize the historical model of urban development based on the deeply intricate relationships between the city and the agriculture as a strategy to be adopted in the context of the long-term development of both Society and Nature

Native or Exotic: A Bibliographical Review of the Debate on Ecological Science Methodologies: Valuable Lessons for Urban Green Space Design

Knowledge from ecological sciences is an important reference for landscape design as Urban Green Spaces (UGS) play a critical role in the ecological protection of cities. There is an ongoing debate among ecologists on the value of exotic vegetation to ecosystem resilience and integrity, with authors arguing that in order for ecosystems to survive in future climates, exotic species with similar conditions in their current range must be considered. Others deem biodiversity vital for ecosystem functions and services, stating that most biodiversity losses are man-induced and should be addressed through the enhancement of native communities. Through a literature review, we confronted the arguments used in this debate, with the aim of conducting a comprehensive analysis of the potential of exotic and native vegetation in different aspects of the vegetation’s performance. The outcomes are important for the assessment of vegetation assemblages within UGS projects. Despite the strong arguments regarding their performative and adaptive capacity, we conclude that exotics pose significant ecological risks and have multiple negative impacts on ecosystem processes. Natives not only present high adaptive capacity, but also provide additional benefits for biodiversity, ecosystem integrity, and for people. In a broader framework, the literature demonstrates a preference for the use of native species in most situations

Green and Blue Infrastructures as A Model of Sustainable Urban Planning—Landscape Design for Praça De Espanha in Lisbon—Portugal

The speech about Smart Cities includes a discourse where the sustainability of cities is unavoidable. Blue and green infrastructures (BGI) have a great role in cities sustainability because they offer feasible and valuable economic, social and environmental solutions for urban areas facing the challenges of climate change such as cloudbursts and droughts. BGI connects urban hydrological functions with urban nature, landscape design and planning. Thereby using the landscape systems namely blue (water) and green (vegetation) to protect against flooding and assure soil permeability among others. Within the BGI framework we propose a landscape design to Praça de Espanha in Lisbon. This landscape design is based on landscape systems (water, topography, vegetation, circulation (mobility)) and it is part of a continuous and productive landscape structure promoting the occurrence of ecologic, economic and social processes. The proposed landscape design is in line with the policies and strategies for the ecological and sustainable development strategies that Lisbon has promoted and that it is included in the smart cities principles and orientations. This landscape design promotes social inclusion where human and ecological, physical and functional connectivity are articulated promoting different types of leisure and activities, through urban space polyvalence, multifunctionality and permeability (in all senses). This design proposal combines and includes natural, ecological and heritage values as well as the cultural heritage of the place itself. Always with an ecological purpose we designed with a systemic and interconnected approach: water, topography, circulation (mobility), vegetation (creating spatiality: full/empty, light/shadow, close/open), cultural, aesthetic and poetic values, and community (as a participatory element and fundamental on the design process) promoting various functions (leisure, sports, protection and production) and creating a multifunctional landscape space, that reinforces and becomes part of the city BGI. This multifunctional landscape structure is fundamental for the sustainable development of cities, enabling a real-time response to environmental changes but also to the preservation and valuation of cultural values, heritage and identity, aesthetic concerns and leisure. It also enables partnerships among local government, civil society, communities and private sector