A case of multiple mating in stingless bees (Meliponinae)

In several stingless bee species many males aggregate in the vicinity of a nest when a virgin queen is present in the colony and is preparing for the nuptial flight. We report such male assemblage for Tetragonisca angustula. The departure of a virgin queen from the colony and the subsequent mating could be video-recorded, because the queen and the males that had mounted her fell to the ground. Since at least two males had lost their genitalia, multiple mating seems to have occurred. This is in contrast with the prevailing view found in literature concerning the mating biology of stingless bees

Low-risk Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma - Literature Review And Management Guidelines [câncer Diferenciado Da Tiróide De Baixo Risco - Revisão Do Estado Atual Da Literatura E Proposta De Conduta]

The trend of increasing thyroid cancer has been recognized in Brazil as well as all over the world for several decades. The large use of simple and effective diagnostic tools has significantly contributed to this trend. It is estimated that small carcinomas found at surgery for benign thyroid disorders and by ultrasonography will be identified at grater frequency in the further years. Part of these tumors occurs in low-risk patients that may benefit of less aggressive management strategies. However, the characterization of low-risk patient is still confusing and we lack adequate markers to tell apart patients that may present a troublesome progression of the disease. Furthermore, the use of new follow-up methods has recently changed some guidelines. A multidisciplinary team, including basic scientists, endocrinologists, nuclear medicine physicians, thyroid surgeons and endocrine pathologists reviewed the pertinent literature and, based on their experience, propose some management guidelines for Brazilian patients with low-risk thyroid carcinomas.503550557Coeli, C.M., Brito, A.S., Barbosa, F.S., Ribeiro, M.G., Sieiro, A.P., Vaisman, M., Incidence and mortality from thyroid cancer in Brazil (2005) Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab, 49, pp. 503-509Parkin, D., Whwlan, S., Ferlay, J., Raymond, L., Young, J., Cancer incidence in five continents (1997) IARC Sci PublRenshaw, A.A., Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid ≤ 1.0 cm (2005) Cancer, 105, pp. 217-219Ito, Y., Tomoda, C., Uruno, T., Takamura, Y., Miya, A., Kobayashi, K., Papillary microcarcinoma of the thyroid: How should it be treated? 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Adubação orgânica e altura de corte da erva-cidreira brasileira Organic fertilization and cutting height of Lippia alba

Avaliou-se os efeitos da adubação orgânica e de alturas de corte em plantas de Lippia alba, quimiotipo limoneno-carvona, na produção de matéria seca foliar e de óleo essencial, no Nordeste brasileiro. As doses 0; 2 e 4 kg m-2 de adubo foram aplicadas em parcelas subdivididas em cortes de 15; 30 e 45 cm de altura, agrupadas em blocos casualizados. Foram realizadas colheitas aos 60 e 120 dias após o plantio. A adubação não influenciou significativamente as produções de matéria seca foliar e de óleo essencial. O corte a 45 cm de altura resultou na maior produção de matéria seca foliar. As maiores concentrações de óleo essencial foram obtidas nos cortes a 30 e 45 cm de altura.<br>The effects of organic fertilization and cutting height on dry matter and essential oil production from leaves of Lippia alba, limonene-carvone chemotype, were evaluated in the Northeastern Brazilian Region. A split plot experiment was conducted with the organic fertilization (0; 2 and 4 kg m-2) as main plots and 15; 30 and 45 cm cutting height as subplots. First harvest was done 60 days and the second 120 days after planting date. Dry matter and essential oil production were not influenced by fertilization. Highest dry matter production was observed on 45 cm cutting height. Highest essential oil production was obtained on 30 and 45 cm cutting height