Micropropagation of Endangered and Decorative Species Dianthus pinifolius Sibth. et Sm.

The aim of this study was to establish an efficient protocol for the in vitro propagation of the endangered, endemic and decorative species Dianthus pinifolius Sibth. et Sm. The effects of different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and naphtalenacetic acid (NAA), and different explant types (single-node cuttings, terminal buds and shoot cuttings) on shoot multiplication were examined on Murashige and Skoog (MS) and half-strength MS media. The best results were obtained for shoot cuttings on the MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BAP and 0.1 mg/L NAA, achieving a maximum rate of regeneration (100%) and a total of 15.4 newly-developed shoots per explant. The highest rooting rate (96.7%) was obtained on MS medium containing 1 mg/L NAA, while the acclimatization of the microplants obtained to ex vitro conditions was successful (88.9%)

Effect of sugar alcohol sorbitol on in vitro shoot development of Dianthus serotinus Waldst. et Kit.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different concentrations of sorbitol on the development of the in vitro culture of D. serotinus in the multiplication phase. The obtained results showed that sorbitol generally had a positive effect, depending on its concentration and explant type. In addition, the presence of sorbitol affected the change of pH value of the media after autoclaving and after 25 days of in vitro culture, which could affect the availability of certain ions to plants. Therefore, the obtained results indicate that sorbitol can be used as an energy source for the in vitro culture of D. serotinus, but this should be further investigated.</jats:p

In vitro propagation of endangered Dianthus taxa

The review of recent researches regarding the in vitro culture of 30 endangered Dianthus taxa is presented in this paper. Various in vitro protocols developed for selected rare and threatened Dianthus taxa are analysed in order to provide a useful synthesis of the data obtained with the main principles, techniques and recommendations for futher research and practice. The recapitulated data presented in this review can be used as a tool for the micropropagation of other endangered Dianthus taxa, enabling their propagation and obtaining a sufficient amount of plants for reintroduction. In addition, the obtained results represent the basis for ex situ conservation of the investigated taxa, especially for medium-term and long-term conservation (cryopreservation).</jats:p

The use of in vitro culture in dianthus propagation

Kultura in vitro je danas veoma aktuelna kako u naučnom istraživanju do sada nedovoljno istraženih biljnih vrsta tako i u komercijalnoj proizvodnji. U radu je dat osvrt na istorijat i metode kulture in vitro. Dati su osnovni principi i osobine najčešće korišćenih metoda. Posebna pažnja je posvećena primeni različitih metoda u razmnožavanju karanfila (Dianthus L.). Izdvojeni su komercijalno značajni taksoni, a dat je i prikaz razmnožavanja drugih vrsta karanfila koji imaju dekorativna svojstva koja ih kvalifikuju za primenu u hortikulturi.Today, in vitro culture is of the great importance in both scientific investigation of under-researched plant species and plant production. In this paper, a review of development and methods of in vitro culture is presented. The main principles are given and the most commonly used methods are described. Special attention was paid to the propagation of Dianthus spp. Tissue culture of commercially important taxa is described in detail, and the review of propagation of other decorative Dianthus spp. that can be used as ornamental plants is also given

Micropropagation of Endangered and Decorative Species Dianthus pinifolius Sibth. et Sm.

The aim of this study was to establish an efficient protocol for the in vitro propagation of the endangered, endemic and decorative species Dianthus pinifolius Sibth. et Sm. The effects of different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and naphtalenacetic acid (NAA), and different explant types (single-node cuttings, terminal buds and shoot cuttings) on shoot multiplication were examined on Murashige and Skoog (MS) and half-strength MS media. The best results were obtained for shoot cuttings on the MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BAP and 0.1 mg/L NAA, achieving a maximum rate of regeneration (100%) and a total of 15.4 newly-developed shoots per explant. The highest rooting rate (96.7%) was obtained on MS medium containing 1 mg/L NAA, while the acclimatization of the microplants obtained to ex vitro conditions was successful (88.9%)

The influence of cadmium and lead on Ulmus pumila L. seed germination and early seedling growth

The aim of this paper was to examine how the heavy metals cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) influence the germination and early growth of seedlings of the fast-growing tree species Ulmus pumila L. Seeds were germinated and seedlings were hydroponically grown in a solution with Cd-nitrate and Pb-nitrate at concentrations of 20 mu M, 50 mu M and 90 mu M. Our results show that seeds can germinate in the presence of these two heavy metals at all of the applied concentrations with no significant reduction in qualitative (germination capacity, germination energy) or quantitative (germination intensity, mean germination period) germination parameters as compared to the controls. Early seedling development was also possible at higher concentrations of both heavy metals. Cd reduced hypocotyl length, but not significantly the length of radicles. Pb did not influence hypocotyl length and stimulated radicle length significantly (95%). These results could mark a step forward in defining the tolerance of U pumila to the presence of Cd and Pb, and to the the possibility of using this fast-growing tree which is resistant to different abiotic and biotic stresses, for phytoremediation or soil reclamation purposes

Spontaneous changes a basis for new ornamental woody plant cultivars

U rasadničkoj proizvodnji nekih ukrasnih drvenastih sadnica konstatovana je pojava spontanih promena u obliku atipične pigmentacije listova (albinizam, panaširanost, crvena boja), forme listova (nazubljenost) kao i patuljastog rasta. Biljke sa mutacijama u vidu panaširanih listova uočene su kod sadnica hibridnog platana (Platanus x acerifolia (Ait.) Willd.), sibirskog bresta (Ulmus pumila L.), lovorvišnje (Prunus laurocerasus L.) i pačempresa (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (Murr.) Parl.). Analizirani su tipovi panaširanosti i čestina njihovog javljanja. Kod sadnica javorolisnog platana i sibirskog bresta konstatovane se individue sa crvenom pigmentacijom listova. Atipična nazubljena forma listova uočena je kod lovorvišnje. Patuljast rast je identifikovan kod sibirskog bresta i breze (Betula pendula Roth.) na kojoj su bile formirane plodne rese na jednogodišnjoj sadnici. Analiza više morfoloških i fizioloških svojstava sadnica hibridnog platana sa različito pigmentisanim listovima nije pokazala signifikantne razlike.In nursery stock production of some ornamental woody plants the appearance of spontaneous variability was identified in the form of atypical pigmentation of leaves (albinism, variegated, red colored), leaves shape (jaggy) and dwarfs. Mutated plants with variegated leaves were observed among hybrid plane (Platanus x acerifolia (Ait.) Willd.), Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila L.), laurel cherry (Prunus laurocerasus L.) and Lawson false-cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (Murr.) Parl.) Seedlings. The type of variegation and frequency were analyzed. Among plane tree and Siberian elm seedlings there were observed red colored leaves. Atypical, jaggy shaped leaves were found among laurel cherry seedlings. Dwarf growth was identified at Siberian elm and birch (Betula pendula Roth.) where also found fruits at one year seedling. There were not significant differences in some morphological and physiological properties in plane tree seedlings with various pigmented leaves.

Presowing treatments for breaking seed dormancy of Hovenia dulcis Thunb.

Cilj ogleda bio je utvrđivanje optimalnog predsetvenog tretmana za uklanjanje dormantnosti semena hovenije (Hovenia dulcis Thunb.), veoma retke egzote introdukovane u mediteranski deo Srbije i Crne Gore. Primenjena su tri predtretmana: mehanička skarifikacija i hemijska skarifikacija (conc. H2SO4) u trajanju od 5 i 120 minuta. Kao najbolji tretman pokazala se duža hemijska skarifikacija, čime je potvrđena dormantnost semenjače.The aim of the experiment was to determine the optimal presowing treat­ment for breaking seed dormancy of Japanese raisin tree (Hovenia dulcis Thunb.), a very rare exotic species introduced to the Mediterranean parts of Serbia and Mon­tenegro. Three pretreatments are applied: mechanical scarification and chemical scarification (conc. H2SO4) lasting for 5 and 120 minutes. The best treatment was the longer chemical scarification, which confirmed the dormancy of the seedcoat

Effect of explant type on the rooting and acclimatization of Dianthus serotinus Waldst. &amp; Kit.

The effect of the concentration of MS salts and explant type on D. serotinus rooting and acclimatization was investigated in order to optimize a protocol for the micropropagation of this species. The obtained results showed that explant type as well as the concentration of MS salts had a significant effect on rooting, and the highest rooting rate (85-86,7%) was achieved when culturing single-node cuttings and terminal buds on a half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0,5 mgL-1 NAA. Nevertheless, mean number of roots per explant was higher on the MS media (15,3-18,6) than on the half-strength MS media (11,8-13,4). The best acclimatization rate was obtained in a 4:1 mixture of peat and sand (83,3-86,7%). The explant type from which in vitro plantlets developed had no effect on the acclimatization rate.</jats:p