5,109 research outputs found
SU(N) Coherent States
We generalize Schwinger boson representation of SU(2) algebra to SU(N) and
define coherent states of SU(N) using bosonic harmonic
oscillator creation and annihilation operators. We give an explicit
construction of all (N-1) Casimirs of SU(N) in terms of these creation and
annihilation operators. The SU(N) coherent states belonging to any irreducible
representations of SU(N) are labelled by the eigenvalues of the Casimir
operators and are characterized by (N-1) complex orthonormal vectors describing
the SU(N) manifold. The coherent states provide a resolution of identity,
satisfy the continuity property, and possess a variety of group theoretic
properties.Comment: 25 pages, LaTex, no figure
Short-wavelength secondary instabilities in homogeneous and stably stratified shear flows
We present a numerical investigation of three-dimensional, short-wavelength
linear instabilities in Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) vortices in homogeneous and
stratified environments. The base flow, generated using two-dimensional
numerical simulations, is characterized by the Reynolds number and the
Richardson number defined based on the initial one-dimensional velocity and
buoyancy profiles. The local stability equations are then solved on closed
streamlines in the vortical base flow, which is assumed quasi-steady. For the
unstratified case, the elliptic instability at the vortex core dominates at
early times, before being taken over by the hyperbolic instability at the
vortex edge. For the stratified case, the early time instabilities comprise a
dominant elliptic instability at the core and a hyperbolic instability strongly
influenced by stratification at the vortex edge. At intermediate times, the
local approach shows a new branch of instability (convective branch) that
emerges at the vortex core and subsequently moves towards the vortex edge. A
few more convective instability branches appear at the vortex core and move
away, before coalescing to form the most unstable region inside the vortex
periphery at large times. The dominant instability characteristics from the
local approach are shown to be in good qualitative agreement with results from
global instability studies for both homogeneous and stratified cases.
Compartmentalized analyses are then used to elucidate the role of shear and
stratification on the identified instabilities. The role of buoyancy is shown
to be critical after the primary KH instability saturates, with the dominant
convective instability shown to occur in regions with the strongest statically
unstable layering. We conclude by highlighting the potentially insightful role
that the local approach may offer in understanding the secondary instabilities
in other flows.Comment: Submitted to J. Fluid Mech., 20 pages, 10 figure
The Composite Spectrum of Strong Lyman-alpha Forest Absorbers
We present a new method for probing the physical conditions and metal
enrichment of the Intergalactic Medium: the composite spectrum of Ly-alpha
forest absorbers. We apply this technique to a sample of 9480 Ly-alpha
absorbers with redshift 2 < z < 3.5 identified in the spectra of 13,279
high-redshift quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Fifth Data
Release (DR5). Absorbers are selected as local minima in the spectra with 2.4 <
tau_Ly-alpha < 4.0; at SDSS resolution (~ 150km/s FWHM), these absorbers are
blends of systems that are individually weaker. In the stacked spectra we
detect seven Lyman-series lines and metal lines of O VI, N V, C IV, C III, Si
IV, C II, Al II, Si II, Fe II, Mg II, and O I. Many of these lines have peak
optical depths of < 0.02, but they are nonetheless detected at high statistical
significance. Modeling the Lyman-series measurements implies that our selected
systems have total H I column densities N_HI ~ 10^15.4cm-2. Assuming typical
physical conditions rho / = 10, T = 10^4 - 10^4.5 K, and [Fe/H]= -2
yields reasonable agreement with the line strengths of high-ionization species,
but it underpredicts the low-ionization species by two orders of magnitude or
more. This discrepancy suggests that the low ionization lines arise in dense,
cool, metal-rich clumps, present in some absorption systems.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, accepted by ApJL, revisions mad
Thermodynamic Properties of I-Propanol + n-Butylamine Binary Mixture: Enthalpy of Hydrogen Bonding
371-37
A (1,2) Heterotic String with Gauge Symmetry
We construct a (1,2) heterotic string with gauge symmetry and determine its
particle spectrum. This theory has a local N=1 worldsheet supersymmetry for
left movers and a local N=2 worldsheet supersymmetry for right movers and
describes particles in either two or three space-time dimensions. We show that
fermionizing the bosons of the compactified N=1 space leads to a particle
spectrum which has nonabelian gauge symmetry. The fermionic formulation of the
theory corresponds to a dimensional reduction of self dual Yang Mills. We also
give a worldsheet action for the theory and calculate the one-loop path
integral.Comment: 17 pages, added reference
Quasar Evolution and the Baldwin Effect in the Large Bright Quasar Survey
From a large homogeneous sample of optical/UV emission line measurements for
993 quasars from the Large Bright Quasar Survey (LBQS), we study correlations
between emission line equivalent width and both restframe ultraviolet
luminosity (i.e., the Baldwin Effect) and redshift. Our semi-automated spectral
fitting accounts for absorption lines, fits blended iron emission, and provides
upper limits to weak emission lines. Use of a single large, well-defined sample
and consistent emission line measurements allows us to sensitively detect many
correlations, most of which have been previously noted. A new finding is a
significant Baldwin Effect in UV iron emission. Further analysis reveals that
the primary correlation of iron emission strength is probably with redshift,
implying an evolutionary rather than a luminosity effect. We show that for most
emission lines with a significant Baldwin Effect, and for some without,
evolution dominates over luminosity effects. This may reflect evolution in
abundances, in cloud covering factors, or overall cloud conditions such as
density and ionization. We find that in our sample, a putative correlation
between Baldwin Effect slope and the ionization potential is not significant.
Uniform measurements of other large quasar samples will extend the luminosity
and redshift range of such spectral studies and provide even stronger tests of
spectral evolution.Comment: 16 pages, Latex, emulateapj style, including 3 tables and 6 figures.
Accepted April 02, 2001 for publication in ApJ Main Journal. See also
http://hea-www.harvard.edu/~pgreen/Papers.htm
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