11 research outputs found

    Regulation of Interleukin-1 governs acute intrauterine inflammation to improve gestational and neonatal outcome

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    La naissance prĂ©maturĂ©e (NP; naissance avant 37 semaines de gestation) est la cause principale de mortalitĂ© et de morbiditĂ© nĂ©onatale Ă  travers le monde, et les nourrissons survivants sont Ă  risque de dĂ©ficits fonctionnels Ă  long-terme. La physiopathologie du travail prĂ©terme spontanĂ© est largement attribuable aux processus inflammatoires intra-utĂ©rins indĂ©pendamment de l’étiologie, de l’ñge gestationnel Ă  l’accouchement, et de la prĂ©sence d’infection. De façon importante, l’inflammation intra-utĂ©rine se propage au fƓtus, aprĂšs quoi le dĂ©clencheur initial est amplifiĂ© pour causer des dommages aux organes fƓtaux, compromettant ainsi l’issue nĂ©onatal. De tous les mĂ©diateurs pro-inflammatoires, l’interleukine-1 (IL-1) se dĂ©marque comme Ă©tant un joueur majeur dans la NP et l’inflammation fƓtale. Ainsi, de moduler son action durant la gestation pourrait ĂȘtre essentiel afin d’atteindre une meilleure issue nĂ©onatale. Dans la prĂ©sente, nous dĂ©montrons que la rĂ©gulation antĂ©natale de l’IL-1 par le lactate (ou l’acide 3,5-dihydroxybenzoĂŻque [3,5-DHBA]) via le rĂ©cepteur myomĂ©trial anti-inflammatoire GPR81, ainsi qu’un heptapeptide antagoniste non-compĂ©titif du rĂ©cepteur de l’IL-1 dĂ©veloppĂ© dans notre laboratoire et nommĂ© 101.10, prĂ©viennent la NP et amĂ©liorent la survie nĂ©onatale dans des modĂšles murins de NP induite par l’inflammation intra-utĂ©rine ou l’infection systĂ©mique. SpĂ©cifiquement, nous montrons que l’administration maternelle antĂ©natale de 101.10 prĂ©vient le dĂ©clenchement prĂ©maturĂ© de l’inflammation utĂ©rine, choriodĂ©ciduale, placentaire, amniotique et fƓtale, diminuant ainsi les dommages aux organes fƓtaux et les dĂ©ficits fonctionnels chez la progĂ©niture. Dans ce contexte, 101.10 a dĂ©montrĂ© une efficacitĂ© supĂ©rieure Ă  anakinra (Kineret), un antagoniste compĂ©titif du rĂ©cepteur de l’IL-1, surtout pour prĂ©venir la NP et la mortalitĂ© nĂ©onatale. De plus, nous dĂ©montrons que le 101.10 agit par sĂ©lectivitĂ© fonctionnelle en inhibant les signaux de transduction activĂ©s par l’IL-1, spĂ©cifiquement p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), c-jun, et Rho GTPase/ Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK), tout en prĂ©servant dĂ©sirablement l’activation de IÎșBα et de nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ÎșB) induite par l’IL-1. Dans un second ensemble d’expĂ©riences, nous dĂ©couvrons un mĂ©canisme inĂ©dit de rĂ©troaction nĂ©gative intra-utĂ©rine par lequel le mĂ©tabolisme anaĂ©robique sollicitĂ© durant la phase de travail utĂ©rin actif produit des niveaux Ă©levĂ©s de lactate, ce qui en retour active GPR81 dans le myomĂštre pour diminuer la cascade inflammatoire aigĂŒe induite par IL-1. De façon correspondante, les souris GPR81-/- prĂ©sentent plus d’inflammation utĂ©rine durant le travail et des taux plus Ă©levĂ©s de dystocie utĂ©rine, alors qu’à l’inverse l’administration de l’agoniste de GPR81 3,5-DHBA diminue la rĂ©ponse inflammatoire utĂ©rine Ă  l’IL-1 et prĂ©vient la NP induite par le lipopolysaccharide (LPS, une endotoxine provenant des bactĂ©ries gram(-)). En somme, nos donnĂ©es dĂ©montrent un rĂŽle majeur de l’IL-1 antĂ©natale Ă  Ă©liciter la NP et les dommages Ă  long-terme aux organes fƓtaux, en plus de dĂ©crire une approche thĂ©rapeutique inĂ©dite pour inhiber le rĂ©cepteur de l’IL-1 avant la naissance tout en prĂ©servant les voies de signalisation inflammatoires physiologiquement importantes.Preterm birth (PTB; birth before 37 weeks' gestation) is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide, and surviving infants are at risk of long-lasting functional impairments. The pathophysiology of spontaneous preterm labor has been largely attributed to intrauterine inflammatory processes independent of aetiology, gestation age at delivery, and presence of infection. Importantly, intrauterine inflammation can propagate to the fetus whereupon the initial trigger is amplified to cause fetal organ injury, thereby compromising neonatal outcome. Of all pro-inflammatory mediators, interleukin-1 (IL-1) stands out as a major player in PTB and fetal inflammation. Therefore, modulating its action antenatally may be key to achieve better gestational and neonatal outcomes. Herein, we show that antenatal regulation of IL-1 by lactate (or 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid [3,5-DHBA]) via activation of anti-inflammatory GPR81 in myometrium, or by an heptapeptide noncompetitive antagonist of IL-1 receptor developed in our laboratory and termed 101.10, prevents PTB and improves neonatal survival in intrauterine-inflammatory and systemic-infectious murine models of PTB. Specifically, we show that antenatal maternal administration of 101.10 prevents premature triggering of uterine, choriodecidual, placental, amniotic, and fetal inflammation, thereby decreasing organ injury and functional impairment in progeny. In this setting, 101.10 has shown superior efficacy as compared to anakinra (Kineret), a competitive IL-1 receptor antagonist, especially to prevent PTB and neonatal mortality. Further, we demonstrate that 101.10 exhibits functional selectivity by inhibiting IL-1-induced signals transducers p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), c-jun, and Rho GTPase/ Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK), while desirably preserving IL-1-induced activation of IÎșBα and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ÎșB). In a second set of experiments, we uncover a novel uterine negative feedback mechanism whereby the anaerobic metabolism solicitated during active labor produces large levels of lactate, which in turn activates GPR81 in myometrium to decrease IL-1-induced acute inflammatory cascade. Correspondingly, GPR81-/- mice display increased uterine inflammation during labor and increased rates of labor dystocia, whereas inversely administration of the GPR81 agonist 3,5-DHBA decreases the uterine inflammatory response to IL-1 and prevents lipopolysaccharide (LPS, gram(-) bacteria endotoxin)-induced PTB. Altogether, this data points to a major role of antenatal IL-1 in eliciting PTB and long-lasting fetal organ injury, and describes a novel therapeutic approach to inhibit IL-1 receptor antenatally while preserving important physiological inflammatory signaling pathways

    Preterm Birth: An Inflammatory Syndrome, Not Just A Myometrial Disorder

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    Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Although the severity of neonatal outcomes is inversely correlated with gestational age, all PTBs can lead to potentially life-threatening neonatal outcomes and major lifelong health complications. Because advances in neonatal care have substantially decreased neonatal mortality, the incidence of PTB and its complications is unabatedly rising. PTB currently affects more than 10% of births worldwide, with similar numbers in developed countries. Correspondingly, improving neonatal outcome is a key objective of the World Health Organization. The recently approved (in Europe) tocolytics drug, Atosiban, used to prolong preterm gestation, has not been shown to improve neonatal outcome, nor have other tocolytic agents used in clinic. Thus, PTB remains an unmet medical need. Recent evidence shows that most, if not all, PTBs are associated with (overt or occult) inflammatory processes in gestational tissues, independent of infection. Pro- inflammatory cytokines are produced from maternal and fetal cells in response to sterile or infectious stressors. These seem to orchestrate a multi-tissue response including myometrial contractility, cervical ripening, and weakening/rupture of fetal membranes, leading to the onset of preterm labor. This integrated system might have been conserved through mammalian evolution due to increased maternal and/or fetal survival when gestation is terminated in specific settings, such as infection. Hence, inflammation may be a common pathway to the numerous aetiologies of PTB. Most importantly, recent evidence suggests that inflammation is transmitted to the fetus, thereby inducing organ injuries that may underlie the development of major neonatal diseases. Targeting inflammation prenatally instead of myometrial contraction could be a more successful and safe approach for the management of PTB, as suggested by recent animal studies.  RĂ©sumĂ© La naissance prématurée est la principale cause de mortalité et de morbidité néonatale. Bien que la sévérité des issus néonataux soit inversement corrélée avec l’âge gestationnel à la naissance, toutes les naissances prématurées peuvent mener à des issus néonataux potentiellement mortels et à des complications avec répercussions s’échelonnant sur toute la vie. Étant donné que la mortalité néonatale a considérablement diminuée avec les récentes avancées en néonatalogie, l’incidence de la naissance prématurée et de ses complications sont en hausse. La naissance prématurée affecte présentement plus de 10% des naissances à travers le monde, avec des taux similaires dans les pays développés. Conséquemment, d’améliorer l’issu néonatal est un objectif clé de l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé. Le tocolytique Atosiban récemment approuvé (en Europe) pour prolonger les gestations pré- maturées n’a pas démontré d’efficacité pour améliorer les issus néonataux, tout comme les autres tocolytiques utilisés en clinique, et la naissance prématurée demeure un besoin médical non-atteint. Des données récentes démontrent que la plupart, sinon toutes les naissances prématurées sont associées avec des processus inflammatoires (francs ou silencieux) dans les tissus gestationnels, indépendamment de l’infection. Les cytokines pro-inflammatoires sont produites dans les cellules maternelles et fƓtales en réponse à des stresseurs stériles ou infectieux, et semblent orchestrer une réponse multi-tissulaire incluant la contractilité myométriale, la préparation cervicale, et l’affaiblissement/rupture des membranes fƓtales, menant au commencement du travail préterme. Ce système intégré pourrait avoir été conservé durant l’évolution mammifère à cause d’une survie accrue de la mère et/ou du fƓtus lorsque la gestation est terminée dans un contexte spécifique, comme l’infection. Donc, l’inflammation pourrait constituer une voie commune finale pour les nombreuses causes de la naissance prématurée. De façon importante, des données récentes sug- gèrent que cette inflammation est transmise au fƓtus et en retour induit des dommages aux organes qui pourraient sous-tendre le développement de maladies néonatales majeures. De cibler l’inflammation en prénatal plutôt que les contractions myométriales pourrait constituer une approche sécuritaire et plus efficace, comme suggéré par de récentes études animales. 

    Uric Acid Crystals Induce Placental Inflammation and Alter Trophoblast Function via an IL-1-Dependent Pathway:Implications for Fetal Growth Restriction

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    International audienceExcessive placental inflammation is associated with several pathological conditions, including stillbirth and fetal growth restriction. Although infection is a known cause of inflammation, a significant proportion of pregnancies have evidence of inflammation without any detectable infection. Inflammation can also be triggered by endogenous mediators, called damage associated molecular patterns or alarmins. One of these damage-associated molecular patterns, uric acid, is increased in the maternal circulation in pathological pregnancies and is a known agonist of the Nlrp3 inflammasome and inducer of inflammation. However, its effects within the placenta and on pregnancy outcomes remain largely unknown. We found that uric acid (monosodium urate [MSU]) crystals induce a proinflammatory profile in isolated human term cytotrophoblast cells, with a predominant secretion of IL-1ÎČ and IL-6, a result confirmed in human term placental explants. The proinflammatory effects of MSU crystals were shown to be IL-1-dependent using a caspase-1 inhibitor (inhibits IL-1 maturation) and IL-1Ra (inhibits IL-1 signaling). The proinflammatory effect of MSU crystals was accompanied by trophoblast apoptosis and decreased syncytialization. Correspondingly, administration of MSU crystals to rats during late gestation induced placental inflammation and was associated with fetal growth restriction. These results make a strong case for an active proinflammatory role of MSU crystals at the maternal-fetal interface in pathological pregnancies, and highlight a key mediating role of IL-1. Furthermore, our study describes a novel in vivo animal model of noninfectious inflammation during pregnancy, which is triggered by MSU crystals and leads to reduced fetal growth

    The Succinate Receptor SUCNR1 Resides at the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Relocates to the Plasma Membrane in Hypoxic Conditions

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    The GPCR SUCNR1/GPR91 exerts proangiogenesis upon stimulation with the Krebs cycle metabolite succinate. GPCR signaling depends on the surrounding environment and intracellular localization through location bias. Here, we show by microscopy and by cell fractionation that in neurons, SUCNR1 resides at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), while being fully functional, as shown by calcium release and the induction of the expression of the proangiogenic gene for VEGFA. ER localization was found to depend upon N-glycosylation, particularly at position N8; the nonglycosylated mutant receptor localizes at the plasma membrane shuttled by RAB11. This SUCNR1 glycosylation is physiologically regulated, so that during hypoxic conditions, SUCNR1 is deglycosylated and relocates to the plasma membrane. Downstream signal transduction of SUCNR1 was found to activate the prostaglandin synthesis pathway through direct interaction with COX-2 at the ER; pharmacologic antagonism of the PGE2 EP4 receptor (localized at the nucleus) was found to prevent VEGFA expression. Concordantly, restoring the expression of SUCNR1 in the retina of SUCNR1-null mice renormalized vascularization; this effect is markedly diminished after transfection of the plasma membrane-localized SUCNR1 N8A mutant, emphasizing that ER localization of the succinate receptor is necessary for proper vascularization. These findings uncover an unprecedented physiologic process where GPCR resides at the ER for signaling function

    Antenatal suppression of il-1 protects against inflammation-induced fetal injury and improves neonatal and developmental outcomes in mice

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    Preterm birth (PTB) is commonly accompanied by in utero fetal inflammation, and existing tocolytic drugs do not target fetal inflammatory injury. Of the candidate proinflammatory mediators, IL-1 appears central and is sufficient to trigger fetal loss. Therefore, we elucidated the effects of antenatal IL-1 exposure on postnatal development and investigated two IL-1 receptor antagonists, the competitive inhibitor anakinra (Kineret) and a potent noncompetitive inhibitor 101.10, for efficacy in blocking IL-1 actions. Antenatal exposure to IL-1ÎČ induced Tnfa, Il6, Ccl2, Pghs2, and Mpges1 expression in placenta and fetal membranes, and it elevated amniotic fluid IL-1ÎČ, IL-6, IL-8, and PGF2α, resulting in PTB and marked neonatal mortality. Surviving neonates had increased Il1b, Il6, Il8, Il10, Pghs2, Tnfa, and Crp expression in WBCs, elevated plasma levels of IL-1ÎČ, IL-6, and IL-8, increased IL-1ÎČ, IL-6, and IL-8 in fetal lung, intestine, and brain, and morphological abnormalities: e.g., disrupted lung alveolarization, atrophy of intestinal villus and colon-resident lymphoid follicle, and degeneration and atrophy of brain microvasculature with visual evoked potential anomalies. Late gestation treatment with 101.10 abolished these adverse outcomes, whereas Kineret exerted only modest effects and no benefit for gestation length, neonatal mortality, or placental inflammation. In a LPS-induced model of infection-associated PTB, 101.10 prevented PTB, neonatal mortality, and fetal brain inflammation. There was no substantive deviation in postnatal growth trajectory or adult body morphometry after antenatal 101.10 treatment. The results implicate IL-1 as an important driver of neonatal morbidity in PTB and identify 101.10 as a safe and effective candidate therapeutic.Mathieu Nadeau-VallĂ©e, Peck-Yin Chin, Lydia Belarbi, Marie-Ève Brien, Sheetal Pundir, Martin H. Berryer, Alexandra Beaudry-Richard, Ankush Madaan, David J. Sharkey, Alexis Lupien-Meilleur, Xin Hou, Christiane Quiniou, Alexandre Beaulac, Ines Boufaied, Amarilys Boudreault, Adriana Carbonaro, Ngoc-Duc Doan, Jean-Sebastien Joyal, William D. Lubell, David M. Olson, Sarah A. Robertson, Sylvie Girard and Sylvain Chemto
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