Zależność między czasem trwania cukrzycy typu 2 a nasileniem wybranych powikłań sercowo-naczyniowych u pacjentów chorujących na nadciśnienie tętnicze

Wstęp Celem obecnej pracy było określenie związku między czasem trwania cukrzycy typu 2 a występowaniem powikłań sercowo-naczyniowych: dysfunkcji rozkurczowej lewej komory (LVDD) i przerostu lewej komory (LVH) u pacjentów chorujących na nadciśnienie tętnicze. Materiał i metody Badaniami objęto 63 osoby chorujące na nadciśnienie tętnicze ze współistniejącą cukrzycą typu 2. Średnia wieku pacjentów włączonych do badania wynosiła 63,65 &#177; 12,04 roku. Średni czas trwania cukrzycy wynosił 9,76 &#177; 8,97 roku. Na podstawie kryterium mediany czasu trwania cukrzycy w badanej grupie wyodrębniono 2 podgrupy: I &#8212; osób chorujących na cukrzycę typu 2 krócej niż 7 lat (n = 32), II &#8212; osób chorujących na cukrzycę typu 2 dłużej niż 7 lat (n = 31). Wykonano badanie echokardiograficzne, oceniono funkcję rozkurczową lewej komory oraz geometrię lewej komory. Wyniki W grupie I znamiennie rzadziej rozpoznawano LVH i LVDD niż w grupie II (LVH &#8212; I: 40,6%, II: 61,3%, p < 0,05; LVDD &#8212; I: 21,9%, II: 32,3%, p < 0,05). W całej badanej grupie występowały istotne statystycznie korelacje liniowe między czasem trwania cukrzycy a wybranymi parametrami echokardiograficznymi: LVMI (r = 0,37, p < 0,05), RWT (r = 0,39, p < 0,05) oraz E/E&#8217; (r = 0,51, p < 0,05). Regresja logistyczna wykazała, że starszy wiek i dłuższy czas trwania cukrzycy stanowią niezależne czynniki ryzyka LVH, a wyższe BMI i dłuższy czas trwania cukrzycy niezależne czynniki ryzyka LVDD. Wnioski U osób z nadciśnieniem tętniczym dłużej chorujących na cukrzycę typu 2 powikłania sercowo- &#8211;naczyniowe zdają się bardziej wyrażone i zdają się występować z większą częstością niż u osób z nadciśnieniem tętniczym krócej chorujących na cukrzycę typu 2. Czas trwania cukrzycy typu 2 stanowi niezależny czynnik ryzyka LVDD oraz LVH

Insights into the Transposable Mobilome of Paracoccus spp. (Alphaproteobacteria)

Several trap plasmids (enabling positive selection of transposition events) were used to identify a pool of functional transposable elements (TEs) residing in bacteria of the genus Paracoccus (Alphaproteobacteria). Complex analysis of 25 strains representing 20 species of this genus led to the capture and characterization of (i) 37 insertion sequences (ISs) representing 9 IS families (IS3, IS5, IS6, IS21, IS66, IS256, IS1182, IS1380 and IS1634), (ii) a composite transposon Tn6097 generated by two copies of the ISPfe2 (IS1634 family) containing two predicted genetic modules, involved in the arginine deiminase pathway and daunorubicin/doxorubicin resistance, (iii) 3 non-composite transposons of the Tn3 family, including Tn5393 carrying streptomycin resistance and (iv) a transposable genomic island TnPpa1 (45 kb). Some of the elements (e.g. Tn5393, Tn6097 and ISs of the IS903 group of the IS5 family) were shown to contain strong promoters able to drive transcription of genes placed downstream of the target site of transposition. Through the application of trap plasmid pCM132TC, containing a promoterless tetracycline resistance reporter gene, we identified five ways in which transposition can supply promoters to transcriptionally silent genes. Besides highlighting the diversity and specific features of several TEs, the analyses performed in this study have provided novel and interesting information on (i) the dynamics of the process of transposition (e.g. the unusually high frequency of transposition of TnPpa1) and (ii) structural changes in DNA mediated by transposition (e.g. the generation of large deletions in the recipient molecule upon transposition of ISPve1 of the IS21 family). We also demonstrated the great potential of TEs and transposition in the generation of diverse phenotypes as well as in the natural amplification and dissemination of genetic information (of adaptative value) by horizontal gene transfer, which is considered the driving force of bacterial evolution

The Relationship between Fatty Acids and the Development, Course and Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis

For this systematic review, a search of the relevant literature was conducted in the EMBASE and PubMed databases. We used the following terms: &lsquo;rheumatoid arthritis&rsquo; in conjunction with &lsquo;fatty acid&rsquo;. The following inclusion criteria had to be satisfied for the studies to be included in the analysis: an RCT/observational/cohort study published in English. A total of seventy-one studies were analysed. The presented systematic review of the available data indicates that increased consumption of omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) may have a beneficial effect on human health by decreasing pain and disease activity in patients with RA. The beneficial effect of unsaturated FA on the clinical parameters of RA was demonstrated in all 71 studies analysed. The content of omega-3 FAs in the diet and the consumption of fish, which are their main source, may contribute to a reduced incidence of RA. FAs are an essential component in the synthesis of eicosanoids that exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. Due to the documented positive influence of unsaturated FAs on treatment outcomes, the use of a diet rich in long-chain unsaturated FAs should be the standard of care, along with pharmacotherapy, in the treatment of RA patients. An important element in the control of the treatment process should be the routine assessment of the quality of life of RA patients

Deletions within the trap plasmid pMEC1 generated in <i>P. versutus</i> UW400 upon transposition of IS<i>Pve1</i>.

<p>The range of the deletion within four individual derivatives of pMEC1 is shown by curved gray lines.</p

The distribution of TEs (identified in our studies) in the genomes of strains of <i>Paracoccus</i> spp.

<p>A specific DNA probe (fragment of a TPase gene amplified by PCR and DIG-labeled) was prepared for each TE and used in dot blot hybridization analysis with total DNA isolated from the <i>Paracoccus</i> spp. strains.</p

Genetic organization of the insertion sequences (A, B, C, D, E) and composite transposon Tn<i>6097</i> (F) of <i>Paracoccus</i> spp. identified in this study.

<p>The families and names of the identified ISs are shown on the panel. Inverted repeats (IRL – left IR; IRR – right IR) flanking ISs are marked by black arrowheads. Predicted coding regions are represented by arrows indicating the direction of transcription. Gray arrows indicate TPase genes and white arrows indicate additional ORFs present within the ISs and within the core of Tn<i>6097</i>. Two of the ORFs of Tn<i>6097</i> (ORF2 and ORF13) are truncated (the disruptions are most probably remnants of the ancient IS<i>Pfe2</i> transposition events that led to the formation of Tn<i>6097</i> in its native host). The predicted genetic modules of the transposon are indicated.</p

Genetic organization of the Tn<i>3</i> family transposons captured in <i>Paracoccus</i> spp. using trap plasmids.

<p>The cryptic transposon Tn<i>3434</i>a (A), Tn<i>5393</i> carrying streptomycin resistance genes (B) and the composite element Tn<i>Ppa1</i> flanked by two identical copies of Tn<i>3434</i> (C). Predicted coding regions are represented by arrows indicating the direction of transcription. Gray arrows indicate TPase genes (<i>tnpA</i>) and additional genes (including resolvase genes – <i>tnpR</i>) are indicated by white arrows. Inverted repeats (IRs) flanking transposons are marked by black arrowheads (IRL – left IR; IRR – right IR) and <i>res</i> sites are shown by black squares. Plots of the G+C content of the Tn<i>3434</i>a and Tn<i>5393</i> sequences are shown in panels A and B (the average value is given on the right).</p

Transposable elements of <i>Paracoccus</i> spp. identified in this study.

a<p>The length of the IRs/the number of identical residues.</p>b<p>Location in plasmids, if applicable.</p

<i>Paracoccus</i> spp. strains used in this study.

<p><i>Paracoccus</i> spp. strains used in this study.</p