Managing a Crisis: Should America Continue to Encourage Its Youth to Participate in Football Given Recent Findings on Player Safety and Concussions

In recent years, more light has been shed on player safety issues when it comes to youth sports, football especially. The major emphasis of concern is on reducing concussion rates among our youth and an exposure to the potentially lifelong disease chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Financially however, the National Football League (NFL), the highest level of football anywhere in the world, is healthier than it has ever been. If the NFL wants to stay on the fast-track it currently enjoys, concussions and player safety are two issues that it will undoubtedly be under pressure to face. The pros and cons of enjoying a career of football are both real. The concussion risk is there, but should players enjoy a career in football, they can learn life lessons such as teamwork, sacrifice, and responsibility. However, sports participation at early ages is heavily influenced by parents and guardians, so the question remains: do we allow our children to play football, or keep them in a bubble

Solute redistribution during freezing of sands saturated with saline solution

Thesis (Ph.D.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1991Columns of saturated saline sands were frozen under hydrostatic conditions with constant surface and base temperatures. Nine freezing tests were conducted using a silica sand with a permeability of about 10\sp{-11} m\sp2 and salinities that ranged from 1 to 100 ppt but were generally near 35 ppt. Surface temperatures were generally 3 to 5 \sp\circC colder than the freezing temperature of the solution and base temperatures were generally 0.5\sp\circC warmer. A 4 to 10 day long period preceded the onset of convection and redistribution of the solute. The increased freezing rate due to the solute, the effects of brine expulsion and a small amount of water movement independent of the salt were measured during this period. Movement of water to the column surface was not associated with either vapor transport or salt sieving. The interface between the solid and liquid was a vertically diffuse interface rather than a sharp ice-bonded interface. Convection of the pore fluid occurred throughout the entire column. Pore fluid velocities were estimated to be on the order of 0.1 to 03 $\rm{m\over day}$ and do not exceed 1.4 $\rm{m\over day}$. Convection consisted of pore fluid in one half of the column moving down and pore fluid in the other half moving up and was associated with radial asymmetries in salinity, water content and ice-bonding. The effects of convection could be measured in the salinity profiles, but not in profiles of water content or temperature. A stability analysis showed the unstable density gradient in the partially frozen region was not sufficient to lead to convection. It was tentatively concluded that convection resulted from dense brine in the partially frozen region overlying less dense brine in the thawed region. Methods for estimating the final salinity profiles were not satisfactory since the BPS theory could not be applied to the experimental results and a stability theory for the pore fluid could not be developed which matched the experimental results. Application of these results to field situations is limited because of the restricted horizontal and vertical length scales. However, solute redistribution by convection is probably limited to freezing soils with large solute concentrations and large permeabilities

Handicapped students find campus helpful

Services to the handicapped at UMO are helpful, and people are willing to offer assistance if asked, several handicapped students said. Physical services, such as access ramps and elevators are adequate, and the university does its best with the money it has available, they said

Treatment of failed articular cartilage reconstructive procedures of the knee: A systematic review

Background: Symptomatic articular cartilage lesions of the knee are common and are being treated surgically with increasing frequency. While many studies have reported outcomes following a variety of cartilage restoration procedures, few have investigated outcomes of revision surgery after a failed attempt at cartilage repair or reconstruction. Purpose: To investigate outcomes of revision cartilage restoration procedures for symptomatic articular cartilage lesions of the knee following a previously failed cartilage reconstructive procedure. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A literature search was performed by use of the PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE/Ovid databases for relevant articles published between 1975 and 2017 that evaluated patients undergoing revision cartilage restoration procedure(s) and reported outcomes using validated outcome measures. For studies meeting inclusion criteria, relevant information was extracted. Results: Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. Lesions most commonly occurred in the medial femoral condyle (MFC) (52.8%), with marrow stimulation techniques (MST) the index procedure most frequently performed (70.7%). Three studies demonstrated inferior outcomes of autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) following a previous failed cartilage procedure compared with primary ACI. One study comparing osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplant following failed microfracture (MFX) with primary OCA transplant demonstrated similar clinical outcomes and graft survival at midterm follow-up. No studies reported outcomes following osteochondral autograft transfer (OAT) or newer techniques. Conclusion: This systematic review of the literature reporting outcomes following revision articular cartilage restoration procedures (most commonly involving the MFC) demonstrated a high proportion of patients who underwent prior MST. Evidence is sufficient to suggest that caution should be taken in performing ACI in the setting of prior MST, likely secondary to subchondral bone compromise. OCA appears to be a good revision treatment option even if the subchondral bone has been violated from prior surgery or fracture. </jats:sec

Trustees oppose apartheid

Four UMaine trustees interviewed said they were against the apartheid practices in South Africa, but only one said he would definitely vote to divest from companies with branches in that country. I am strongly opposed to the policies of government in South Africa, and as a trustee of the University of Maine I will vote for total divestment of funds from companies with holdings in that country, said Alan M. Elkins, a trustee from Portland, Maine

New Hampshire school board members and the elementary schools

Thesis(Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

Peter Mathias Lindberg: Augustana Alum of 1886

Peter Mathias Lindberg graduated from Augustana in 1886. We will discuss his career as a pastor, his family history, and his genealogy