Strategi kelestarian dalam bangunan tinggi

Penulisan ini akan memfokuskan perbincangan berkenaan strategi yang perlu diambil kira dalam merekabentuk sebuah bangunan pencakar langit yang berpandukan senibina lestari. Ini menunjukkan bagaimana perpindahan teknologi di dalam area pembinaan telah diguna pakai dalam sistem bangunan pencakar langit untuk mencapai prestasi terbaik. Ini kerana proses merekabentuk bangunan tinggi melibatkan pelbagai bidang termasuklah komponen senibina, struktur, dan sistem HVAC (heat, ventilation and air conditioning). Beberapa contoh bangunan generasi baru yang menitikberatkan kelestarian dalam bangunan dijadikan sebagai rujukan kajian kes. Kajian ini telah menyimpulkan bahawa bangunan tinggi akan menggunakan tenaga yang tinggi, golongan pereka pada generasi akan datang akan beralih kepada strategi rekabentuk “tenaga sifar” secara berperingkat. Dalam pendekatan ini, iklim setempat menjadi salah satu daripada kelebihan untuk rekabentuk bangunan yang menjadikan bangunan itu sendiri sebagai sumber tenaga. Tidak mustahil pada satu masa nanti, bangunan tinggi akan menghasilkan tenaga tambahan yang boleh dijual kepada pusat janakuasa bandar

Protocol and statistical analysis plan for the mega randomised registry trial comparing conservative vs. liberal oxygenation targets in adults with nonhypoxic ischaemic acute brain injuries and conditions in the intensive care unit (Mega-ROX Brains)

Background: The effect of conservative vs. liberal oxygen therapy on 90-day in-hospital mortality in adults who have nonhypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy acute brain injuries and conditions and are receiving invasive mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU) is uncertain. Objective: The objective of this study was to summarise the protocol and statistical analysis plan for the Mega-ROX Brains trial. Design, setting, and participants: Mega-ROX Brains is an international randomised clinical trial, which will be conducted within an overarching 40,000-participant, registry-embedded clinical trial comparing conservative and liberal ICU oxygen therapy regimens. We expect to enrol between 7500 and 9500 participants with nonhypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy acute brain injuries and conditions who are receiving unplanned invasive mechanical ventilation in the ICU. Main outcome measures: The primary outcome is in-hospital all-cause mortality up to 90 d from the date of randomisation. Secondary outcomes include duration of survival, duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU length of stay, hospital length of stay, and the proportion of participants discharged home. Results and conclusions: Mega-ROX Brains will compare the effect of conservative vs. liberal oxygen therapy regimens on 90-day in-hospital mortality in adults in the ICU with acute brain injuries and conditions. The protocol and planned analyses are reported here to mitigate analysis bias. Trial Registration: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN 12620000391976)

Physiological Responses of Callus from Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex. Hook f. to Gamma Irradiation

In the present study, in vitro mutagenesis techniques were applied to investigate the effects of gamma irradiation at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 Gy on physiological changes in callus of Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex. Hook f. Biochemical changes in chlorophyll and soluble protein content of pre- and post- irradiated Gerbera callus were studied. Non-irradiated callus demonstrated the highest amount of chlorophyll content as compared to callus irradiated at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 Gy. In addition, the amount of chlorophyll b was relatively higher than chlorophyll a in both the irradiated and non-irradiated callus, except for callus irradiated at 10 Gy. Biochemical differentiation based on total soluble protein content revealed gradual reduction after day 9 of exposure to gamma irradiation. Reduction of soluble protein content was observed in all the treatments as the increase of incubation period