Influence of electron irradiation factor on haruan traditional extract (HTE) for oral drug delivery

Haruan or Channa striatus is source of protein that is widely consumed in the region and its extract is well known for having medical values. It is of great advantage if this product could be taken orally rather than by injection because the oral route of drug delivery is still preferred by the vast majority of patients. However protein and peptides can be denatured or degraded by the acidic pH of the stomach and the presence of endogenous enzymes. In order to protect or prevent digestion and degradation of the protein in the stomach and to ensure the protein reaches the gastro intestinal (GI) tract, Carboxymethyl Starch (CMS) nanogel system was developed using electron irradiation method. However stability of HTE during the irradiation process needed to be studied before being developed further. In this study, the HTE was irradiated using electron beams. Its stability was analysed in terms of physical and chemical changes by looking at colour difference, melting point by using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and molecular bonds by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) respectively. The results of this study were that no apparent colour difference was observed with HTE before and after irradiation. These observations were supported by the FTIR and DSC results that showed that there were no changes in molecular bonds and melting point, compared between no irradiation and irradiation HTE during electron irradiation up to 10 kGy. Statistically the test showed no significant difference at p < 0.005 between melting temperatures

Fatty acid and amino acid composition in haruan as a potential role in wound healing

1. Two species of snakehead fish are available in Sabah, i.e. Channa striatus and Channa melanosoma, and are commonly known as haruan. Haruan is consumed by many Malaysians to induce healing after a clinical operations. However, there is no scientific evidence as yet to substantiate the claim, and so it was decided to analyse the biochemical composition in haruan to determine which compounds may have a possible role or potential in wound healing. 2. Samples (midline fillet) of both species were extracted separately in hexane for the qualitative analysis of fatty acids by a gas chromatography, Hewlett-Packard 5890A, using a 10 meter superox 11 column (Alltech) at temperature between 190 and 245°C. Peak areas were calculated automatically using Hewlett-Packard 3393A computing integrator. Subsequently, the amino acid composition was analysed using a precolumn derivatization reverse phase HPLC waters PICO-TAG system. 3. Haruan is found to contain unusually high arachidonic acid (AA) but almost no eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). AA which is a precursor of prostaglandin may initiate blood clotting and be responsible for growth. Haruan also contains all the essential amino acids for wound healing, particularly glycine which is the most important component of human skin collagen. Therefore, haruan contained all the basic biochemical requirements for wound healing

Der Einsatz von Missing Data Techniken in der Arbeitsmarktforschung des IAB

"Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über aktuelle Forschungsprojekte des Instituts für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), die sich alle auf unterschiedliche Weise mit der Behebung von Problemen mit Missing Data befassen. Hierzu gehören einerseits Projekte, die Stichproben verwenden wie das IAB-Betriebspanel, die IAB-Beschäftigtenstichprobe oder die Erhebung der offenen Stellen, die entweder wie alle Stichprobenerhebungen durch Antwortausfälle beeinträchtigt sind oder aber zensierte Beobachtungen aufweisen. Auf der anderen Seite zählen hierzu Forschungsprojekte, die versuchen, unterschiedliche Datengrundlagen vereinbar zu machen, die auf verschiedenen regionalen oder klassifikatorischen Abgrenzungen beruhen. Außerdem wird das Projekt TrEffeR des IAB und der Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA) vorgestellt, das der oft ausgesprochenen Forderung gerecht wird, die Maßnahmen der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik auf breiter Basis zu evaluieren und diese Erkenntnisse für das operative Geschäft der BA nutzbar macht." (Autorenreferat

Cytotoxic effects of aqueous haruan fish extract on SK-N-SH cells

Haruan fish is a fresh water carnivorous fish popularly known in tropical countries like Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia. The aqueous extract of the fish contains omega-3 fatty acids, namely, eicosapentaenoic acids (EPA) and deicosahexaenoic acids (HA). These fatty acids possess cytotoxic effects. Here we study the cytotoxic effects of the extract on neuroblastoma cancer cell line, SK-N-SH cells, MTI assay, phase contrast microscopy and flow cytometry were the methods used to determine the cytotoxic effects of the extract. For MTT assay, the cells were treated with different concentrations of the extract range from 3.125 µg/ml to 100 µg/ml. For the phase contrast microscopy and flow cytometry, 100 µg/ml of the extract was adopted as the concentration used for the treatment of the cells prior to observation and recording of results. From MTT assay, cell visibility of 68.8% were recorded, indicating lack of cytotoxic effect. The result for phase contrast microscopy showed no clear different between treated and control group, supporting the MTT result. However, flow cytometry results indicates significant (P < 0.05) apoptosis when control cells were compared with treated ones. Aqueous haruan fish extract possess mild cytotoxic effects on SK-N-SH cells

Channa striatus cream down-regulates tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha gene expression and alleviates chronic-like dermatitis in mouse model

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Haruan, Channa striatus, is a freshwater fish which has been well-known locally to accelerate wound healing during post-operative and post-partum periods. The fish extract also has potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Aim of the study: To assess topical anti-inflammatory effect of Haruan cream on 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced chronic-like dermatitis in mice. Materials and methods: Male ICR mice were randomized into six groups of five mice each: acetone (vehicle), TPA alone (negative control), three Haruan treatment groups (Haruan 1%, Haruan 5% and Haruan 10%) and hydrocortisone 1% (positive control). Briefly, both surfaces of mouse ears were applied with TPA (2.5μg/20μl acetone) for five times on alternate days and with Haruan or hydrocortisone 1% cream for the last three days. Mouse ear thickness was measured 24h after final treatment with the cream and the ears were harvested for further histological analysis and gene expression studies of TNF-α by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results: Topical application of Haruan cream had reduced the mouse ear thickness 18.1-28%) with comparable effect to the positive control. In addition, histopathological comparison had shown evident reduction in various parameters of cutaneous inflammation including dermal oedema, inflammatory cells infiltration and proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes. Furthermore, TPA application had resulted in the up-regulation of TNF-α gene expression by 353-fold, which was subsequently down-regulated by the Haruan cream (34- to 112-fold). Conclusion: Haruan is an effective topical anti-inflammatory agent in this mouse model of chronic-like dermatitis, thus suggesting its potential as a non-steroidal treatment option for chronic inflammatory dermatoses

Fatty acid compositions in mucus and roe of haruan, Channa striatus, for wound healing

1. Fatty acid profiles in the external mucus extract and roe of Channa striatus were determined using gas chromatography (GC). 2. The mucus samples were collected by inducing hypothermic stress (−20°C) for about 1 hr, and the roe were collected from gravid females at night soon after they liberated their eggs in a spawning program. 3. All mucus and roe samples were freeze-dried, except a part of roe which was not. 4. The mucus extract contained unsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid, C18:1 and linoleic acid, C18:2) as a major component, 21.25% and 22.47% of total lipid. 5. For the freeze- and nonfreeze-dried roe, the major components of fatty acid were somewhat similar to the mucus but with higher percentages: 58.56%, 26.08% and 45.76%, 20.94%. Interestingly, the nonfreeze-dried roe contained a large proportion of arachidic acid, C20:0 (22.16%), which was totally absent in the freeze-dried roe samples. 6. This profiling of the fatty acid mucus extract and roe is useful in strengthening the earlier claims that haruan possesses a potential remedy for wound healing (Mat Jais et al. 1994). Therefore, we are discussing the possibility of getting an optimum amount of the essential fatty acid for wound healing from various other parts of the fish without sacrificing the fish

Antinociceptive, antiinflammatory and antipyretic properties of Channa striatus fillet aqueous and lipid-based extracts in rats

The present study was carried out to elucidate the antinociceptive, antiinflammatory and antipyretic properties of the aqueous and lipid-based extracts of Channa striatus fillet in rats. The antinociceptive activity was assessed using the formalin test, and the antiinflammatory and antipyretic activities were assessed using the carrageenan-induced paw edema and brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia tests, respectively. Both types of extracts were prepared in concentrations of 10%, 50% and 100% by serial dilution in distilled water or dimethyl sulfoxide, respectively, and were administered subcutaneously 30 min prior to each test. Except for the 10% aqueous extract which exhibits activity only in the early phase, the extracts were found to exhibit significant (P < 0. 05) activity in the early and late phases of the formalin test. Furthermore, the aqueous and lipid-based extracts were also found to show significant (P < 0. 05) antiinflammatory activity, with the former showing a greater effect at the lowest concentration used. The lipid-based, but not the aqueous, extract was found to have significant (P < 0.05) activity in the pyrexia test. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that C. striatus extracts possess antinociceptive, antiinflammatory and antipyretic activities